Review of electrofuel feasibility—prospects for road, ocean, and air transport

Brynolf, Selma; Hansson, Julia; Anderson, James E.; Skov, Iva Ridjan; Wallington, Timothy J.; Grahn, Maria; Korberg, Andrei David; Malmgren, Elin; Taljegård, Maria

doi:10.1088/2516-1083/ac8097

Cited by 50 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 141 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The costs for fuel infrastructure are also omitted in this cost analysis. Infrastructure costs are presented and discussed in the sister paper 'Review of electrofuel feasibility: Prospects for road, ocean, and air transport' [10].…”

Section: Calculated Production Costs Utilizing Reviewed Component Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The infrastructure cost for all fuel options, further, depends on different factors such as distribution distance and type of end-user. The fuel infrastructure costs are presented and discussed in the sister paper 'Review of electrofuel feasibility: Prospects for road, ocean, and air transport' [10].…”

Section: Calculated Production Costs Utilizing Reviewed Component Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the review it is evident that there are limited amount of studies considering fuel distribution infrastructure, with cradle-to-grave system boundaries, neither for the cost nor the environmental performance. For the cost of e-fuels the literature indicate that fuel distribution infrastructure might have a significant impact on different e-fuel options (see our attempt to address the infrastructure aspects in [10]). Some results indicate that health impacts might be affected by inclusion of capital goods such as infrastructure, but in general the impact of fuel infrastructure appears to be lower for environmental concerns, than for cost aspects, but as this is rarely included in assessments no definite conclusion can be drawn.…”

Section: Fuel Infrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Review of electrofuel feasibility—cost and environmental impact

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electrofuels, fuels produced from electricity, water, and carbon or nitrogen, are of interest as substitutes for fossil fuels in all energy and chemical sectors. This paper focuses on electrofuels for transportation, where some can be used in existing vehicle/vessel/aircraft fleets and fueling infrastructure. The aim of this study is to review publications on electrofuels and summarize costs and environmental performance. A special case, denoted as bio-electrofuels, involves hydrogen supplementing existing biomethane production (e.g., anaerobic digestion) to generate additional or different fuels. We use costs, identified in the literature, to calculate harmonized production costs for a range of electrofuels and bio-electrofuels. Results from the harmonized calculations show that bio-electrofuels generally have lower costs than electrofuels produced using captured carbon. Lowest costs are found for liquefied bio-electro-methane, bio-electro-methanol, and bio-electro-DME. The highest cost is for electro-jet fuel. All analyzed fuels have the potential for long-term production costs in the range 90–160 €/MWh. Dominant factors impacting production costs are electrolyzer and electricity costs, the latter connected to capacity factors and cost for hydrogen storage. Electrofuel production costs also depend on regional conditions for renewable electricity generation, which are analyzed in sensitivity analyses using corresponding capacity factors in four European regions. Results show a production cost range for electro-methanol of 76–118 €/MWh depending on scenario and region assuming an electrolyzer CAPEX of 300–450 €/kWelec and capacity factors of 45–65%. Lowest production costs are found in regions with good conditions for renewable electricity, such as Ireland and western Spain. The choice of system boundary has a large impact on the environmental assessments. The literature is not consistent regarding the environmental impact from different CO2 sources. The literature, however, points to the fact that renewable energy sources are required to achieve low global warming impact over the electrofuel life cycle.

show abstract

Section: Calculated Production Costs Utilizing Reviewed Component Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Calculated Production Costs Utilizing Reviewed Component Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fuel Infrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Review of electrofuel feasibility—cost and environmental impact

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Carbon-neutral (electro) fuels are a fascinating option to decarbonize the transportation sector and achieve emission targets set in response to the climate emergency. − Gas-to-liquid transformations could yield high-energy-density hydrocarbon fuels by converting air-captured CO 2 and green H 2 , thus dramatically cutting the carbon footprint of chemical manufacturing. , Production of high-value synthetic fuels such as sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) via direct air capture (DAC) could justify the deployment of this expensive carbon removal technique. Methanol (MeOH) is a suitable molecule for this low-carbon manufacturing pathway due to its intensive worldwide production (80 Mt y –1 ) which is currently natural gas-based. , Besides being a common building block in chemical synthesis, it is also a clean-burning fuel that can replace conventional fuels or be added to the latter to increase their octane number. ,, Decentralized manufacturing of e-MeOH (lower heating value, LHV = 19.9 MJ kg –1 ) can address the demand for storing low-carbon energy in the form of liquid and easily transportable energy carriers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual Process Design and Technoeconomic Analysis of an e-Methanol Plant with Direct Air-Captured CO₂ and Electrolytic H₂

Cameli,

Delikonstantis,

Kourou

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carbon-negative electrified production of methanol (e-MeOH) can play a central role in sustainable chemical manufacturing in the coming years. In this context, CO 2 -based methanol synthesis routes solely based on renewable electricity have been proposed. However, the production route via direct aircaptured (DAC) CO 2 and green H 2 from water electrolysis (WE) is not industrially available, and in-depth feasibility studies are needed to determine its viability. By designing a 50 kt y −1 e-MeOH production plant based on DAC-CO 2 and electrolytic H 2 , we assess the plant's performance and economic feasibility against the stateof-the-art industrial manufacturing based on natural gas steam reforming. Absorption-based DAC accounts for the highest capital expenditure (CAPEX) of the plant, whereas the proton-exchange membrane WE drives electricity consumption. The adiabatic reactor for the catalytic CO 2 −H 2 reaction is the least cost-intensive section. Thus, the levelized cost of product of e-MeOH in 2050 is expected to be still 3 times that of the current fossil-based MeOH. However, the overall electrified process is carbon negative by consuming 0.64 kg CO2-eq kg MeOH −1 , whereas the conventional process releases a significant amount of greenhouse gases. Technological improvement of the DAC unit could increase the competitiveness of the e-process, together with lower electricity prices. Furthermore, sourcing CO 2 from concentrated streams would cut production costs up to equaling a conventional process penalized with a 183 $ t CO2 −1 carbon tax.

show abstract

“…Transport change a: fuels. Grahn et al (2022) and Brynolf et al (2022) survey the feasibility of electrofuels for different modes of transport. Electrofuels place different demands on the energy system than do fossil-based transport fuels.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%