Review of enigmatic MTrPs as a common cause of enigmatic musculoskeletal pain and dysfunction

Axillary web syndrome after axillary dissection in breast cancer: a prospective study

“…This association could be explained by the position maintained by the patient with AWS to avoid pain, in medial rotation and adduction of the shoulder and in flexion and pronation of the elbow, leading to the shortening of the muscles more often afflicted by MPS. As stated above, maintaining muscles in a shortened position is a well known MTPs activation factor [31,34,35].…”

“…An MTP can be defined as a hyperirritable nodule of spot tenderness in a palpable taut band of skeletal muscle. The spot is a site of exquisite tenderness to palpation, that refers pain to a distance, and that can cause distant motor and autonomic effects [31]. MTPs are thought to be localized muscle contractures occurring at dysfunctional motor endplate zones [31][32][33][34].…”

“…The spot is a site of exquisite tenderness to palpation, that refers pain to a distance, and that can cause distant motor and autonomic effects [31]. MTPs are thought to be localized muscle contractures occurring at dysfunctional motor endplate zones [31][32][33][34]. Reasons for the activation of MTPs include acute or chronic overload [31,34] and leaving the muscle in a shortened position for a long period of time [31,34].…”

“…MTPs are thought to be localized muscle contractures occurring at dysfunctional motor endplate zones [31][32][33][34]. Reasons for the activation of MTPs include acute or chronic overload [31,34] and leaving the muscle in a shortened position for a long period of time [31,34]. This association could be explained by the position maintained by the patient with AWS to avoid pain, in medial rotation and adduction of the shoulder and in flexion and pronation of the elbow, leading to the shortening of the muscles more often afflicted by MPS.…”

A Brief Overview of Myofascial Trigger Points.

“…An increased amount of ACh contributes to a contraction knot, which is an area where there is a localized shortening in 2837 the sarcomere. This contraction is sustained, and leads to local ischaemia and hypoxia (Simons, 2004). Consequently, a loss of the energy supply (oxygen) leads to a release of sensitizing noxious substances, which may be the cause of the pain associated with MTrPs.…”