Review of erosion dynamics along the major N-S climatic gradient in Chile and perspectives

Carretier, Sébastien; Tolorza, Violeta; Regard, Vincent; Aguilar, Germán; Bermúdez, Mauricio A.; Martinod, Joseph; Guyot, Jean‐Loup; Hérail, Gérard; Riquelme, Rodrigo

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.10.016

Cited by 74 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 221 publications

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“…2) and vegetation cover increase from north to south, the denudation rate in Nahuelbuta is lower (18 -48 t km -2 yr -1 ; Table S6) than in La Campana. If not caused by a differing influence of biota on denudation processes (Schaller et al, 2018) between La Campana and Nahuelbuta, the difference in denudation rate between the two sites can be explained with (1) the hillslopes in La Campana that are the steepest of all study sites (Table S1); and (2) higher uplift rates in the region of La Campana compared to the other parts of the Chilean Coastal Cordillera (Carretier, 2018;, both leading to higher denudation rates. The denudation rates of this study are in agreement with published data.…”

Section: Permanent Slow Erosion: Denudation Rates and Saprolite Residmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry and microbiology of the Critical Zone along a steep climate and vegetation gradient in the Chilean Coastal Cordillera

Oeser

Stroncik

Moskwa

et al. 2018

CATENA

153

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The Chilean Coastal Cordillera features a spectacular climate and vegetation gradient, ranging from arid and unvegetated areas in the north to humid and forested areas in the south. The EarthShape project ("Earth Surface Shaping by Biota") uses this natural gradient to investigate how climate and biological processes shape the Earth's surface. We explored the Critical Zone, the Earth's uppermost layer, in four key sites located in desert, semidesert, mediterranean, and temperate climate zones of the Coastal Cordillera, with the focus on weathering of granitic rock. Here, we present first results from 16 approximately 2 m-deep regolith profiles to document: (1) architecture of weathering zone; (2) degree and rate of rock weathering, thus the release of mineral-derived nutrients to the terrestrial ecosystems; (3) denudation rates; and (4) microbial abundances of bacteria and archaea in the saprolite. From north to south, denudation rates from cosmogenic nuclides are ~10 t km-2 yr-1 at the arid Pan de Azúcar site, ~20 t km-2 yr-1 at the semi-arid site of Santa Gracia, ~60 t km-2 yr-1 at the mediterranean climate site of La Campana, and ~30 t km-2 yr-1 at the humid site of Nahuelbuta. A and B horizons increase in thickness and elemental depletion or enrichment increases from north (~26 °S) to south (~38 °S) in these horizons. Differences in the degree of chemical weathering, quantified by the chemical depletion fraction (CDF), are significant only between the arid and sparsely vegetated site and the other three sites. Differences in the CDF between the sites, and elemental depletion within the sites are sometimes smaller than the variations induced by the bedrock heterogeneity. Microbial abundances (bacteria and archaea) in saprolite substantially increase from the arid to the semi-arid sites. With this study, we provide a comprehensive dataset characterizing the Critical Zone geochemistry in the Chilean Coastal Cordillera. This dataset confirms climatic controls on 4 weathering and denudation rates and provides prerequisites to quantify the role of biota in future studies.

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Section: Permanent Slow Erosion: Denudation Rates and Saprolite Residmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry and microbiology of the Critical Zone along a steep climate and vegetation gradient in the Chilean Coastal Cordillera

Oeser

Stroncik

Moskwa

et al. 2018

CATENA

153

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“…Currently, with the use of DEMs derived from Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) data, it is possible to obtain accurate slope estimates over relatively short distances. However, considerable shortening of channels and excessively steep slope estimates have also been documented when using a coarse data system such as ASTER GDEM 30 m or similar [43]. When evaluating the profiles of both channels a very subtle slope break can be observed that effectively shows the occurrence of the bifurcation in the main channel from the Upper Orinoco to the Casiquiare Channel.…”

Section: The Problem Of Tracing the Boundaries Of The Watershedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water and Sediment Budget of Casiquiare Channel Linking Orinoco and Amazon Catchments, Venezuela

Laraque

López

Yépez

et al. 2019

Water

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The Casiquiare River is a natural channel that connects two of the greatest rivers in the world, the Orinoco and the Amazon in the South American continent. The aim of this paper is to present a review and synthesis of the hydrological and sedimentological knowledge of the Casiquiare River, including the first hydro-sedimentary balance of the Casiquiare fluvial system conducted 9–12 September 2000 at the bifurcation and mouth during the expedition ‘Humboldt-Amazonia 2000’. Bathymetric flow discharge and physico-chemical measurements were made at the inlet and outlet of the Casiquiare Channel. The main conclusions of this study indicate that Casiquiare is taking a significant proportion of flow (20% to 30%) from the Upper Orinoco basin to the Amazon basin. Throughout its 356 km-course, this chameleon channel undergoes significant morphological, hydrological, and bio-geochemical variations between the inlet and outlet, whose most visible witnesses are the increase in its width (3 to 4 times), flow (7 to 9 times), and its change in water color (white to black water), under the influence of tributaries coming from vast forest plains.

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“…Currently, with the use of DEMs derived from LIDAR data, it is possible to obtain accurate slope estimates over relatively short distances. However, considerable shortening of channels and excessively steep slope estimates have also been documented when using a coarse data system such as ASTER GDEM 30 m or similar (Carretier et al, 2018). When evaluating the profiles of both channels a very subtle slope break can be observed that effectively shows the occurrence of the bifurcation in the main channel from the Upper Orinoco to the Casiquiare channel.…”

Section: The Problem Of Tracing the Boundaries Of The Watershedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water and Sediment Budget of Casiquiare Channel Linking Orinoco and Amazon Catchments, Venezuela

Laraque¹,

López²,

Yépez³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The Casiquiare River is a natural channel that connects two of the greatest rivers in the world, the Orinoco and the Amazon in the South American Continent. The aim of this paper is to present a review and synthesis of the hydrological and sedimentological knowledge of the Casiquiare River, including the first hydro-sedimentary balance of the Casiquiare fluvial system conducted at the bifurcation and at the mouth on September 9-12, 2000, during the expedition ‘Humboldt-Amazonia 2000’. Bathymetric, flow discharge and physico-chemical measurements were made at the inlet and at the outlet of the Casiquiare Channel. The main conclusions of this study indicate that Casiquiare is taking a significant proportion of flow (20 to 30%) from the Upper Orinoco basin to the Amazon basin. Throughout its 356 km-course, this chameleon channel undergoes significant morphological, hydrological and bio-geochemical variations between the inlet and the outlet, whose most visible witnesses are the increase in its width (3 to 4 times), flow (7 to 9 times) and its change in water color (white to black water), under the influence of tributaries coming from vast forest plains.

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Review of erosion dynamics along the major N-S climatic gradient in Chile and perspectives

Cited by 74 publications

References 221 publications

Chemistry and microbiology of the Critical Zone along a steep climate and vegetation gradient in the Chilean Coastal Cordillera

Chemistry and microbiology of the Critical Zone along a steep climate and vegetation gradient in the Chilean Coastal Cordillera

Water and Sediment Budget of Casiquiare Channel Linking Orinoco and Amazon Catchments, Venezuela

Water and Sediment Budget of Casiquiare Channel Linking Orinoco and Amazon Catchments, Venezuela

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