Review of gastroesophageal reflux disease (<scp>GERD</scp>) in the diabetic patient

Punjabi, Prakash P; Hira, Angela; Prasad, Shanti; Chokhavatia, Sita

doi:10.1111/1753-0407.12279

Cited by 22 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(190 reference statements)

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“…GERD is associated with DM, which indicates that DM likely also affects the LES and the EGJ. Motor dysfunctions of the UES and LES in DM have indeed been demonstrated .…”

Section: Diabetes‐induced Remodeling In the Esophagusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GERD is one of the most common upper‐GI disorders in the Western world . The changing dietary patterns and global increase in obesity have led to an increase in GERD in previously low‐incidence regions . Although conflicting data for evaluating the relationship between DM and GERD have been reported, recent reviews have demonstrated that diabetic patients are at greater risk of GERD than those who do not have DM .…”

Section: Clinical Consequences Of Diabetes‐induced Changes In the Esomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The symptoms may be severe and may substantially decrease quality of life. Furthermore, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is associated with DM . A prospective questionnaire study demonstrated that GERD symptoms are 25% more common in type 2 DM patients than in the general population .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is associated with DM. 10,11 A prospective questionnaire study demonstrated that GERD symptoms are 25% more common in type 2 DM patients than in the general population. 11 The meta-analysis also indicated that patients with DM are at greater risk of GERD than those who do not have DM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diabetes‐induced mechanophysiological changes in the esophagus

Zhao

Gregersen

2016

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Esophageal disorders are common in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. DM induces mechanostructural remodeling in the esophagus of humans and animal models. The remodeling is related to esophageal sensorimotor abnormalities and to symptoms frequently encountered by DM patients. For example, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common disorder associated with DM. This review addresses diabetic remodeling of esophageal properties and function in light of the Esophagiome, a scientifically based modeling effort to describe the physiological dynamics of the normal, intact esophagus built upon interdisciplinary approaches with applications for esophageal disease. Unraveling the structural, biomechanical, and sensory remodeling of the esophagus in DM must be based on a multidisciplinary approach that can bridge the knowledge from a variety of scientific disciplines. The first focus of this review is DM-induced morphodynamic and biomechanical remodeling in the esophagus. Second, we review the sensorimotor dysfunction in DM and how it relates to esophageal remodeling. Finally, we discuss the clinical consequences of DM-induced esophageal remodeling, especially in relation to GERD. The ultimate aim is to increase the understanding of DM-induced remodeling of esophageal structure and sensorimotor function in order to assist clinicians to better understand the esophageal disorders induced by DM and to develop better treatments for those patients.

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“…GERD is associated with DM, which indicates that DM likely also affects the LES and the EGJ. Motor dysfunctions of the UES and LES in DM have indeed been demonstrated .…”

Section: Diabetes‐induced Remodeling In the Esophagusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Consequences Of Diabetes‐induced Changes In the Esomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Diabetes‐induced mechanophysiological changes in the esophagus

Zhao

Gregersen

2016

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…Drugs that alter gastric pH are commonly used by patients with T2DM, and they therefore have the potential to be coadministered with saxagliptin. Saxagliptin has high aqueous solubility relative to its usual dose of up to 5 mg.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetic Interaction Study Between Saxagliptin and Omeprazole, Famotidine, or Magnesium and Aluminum Hydroxides Plus Simethicone in Healthy Subjects: An Open‐Label Randomized Crossover Study

Ren

Boulton

2018

Clinical Pharm in Drug Dev

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Saxagliptin is an orally administered, highly potent, and selective dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study was conducted to determine the effect of magnesium and aluminum hydroxides plus simethicone, famotidine, and omeprazole on the pharmacokinetics of saxagliptin and its active metabolite, 5‐hydroxy saxagliptin. This was an open‐label, randomized, 5‐treatment, 5‐period, 3‐way crossover study in 15 healthy subjects. Mean Cmax of saxagliptin was 26% lower, but AUC was almost unchanged when saxagliptin was coadministered with Maalox Max. Mean Cmax was 14% higher, but AUC was almost unchanged when saxagliptin was coadministered with famotidine. Changes in pharmacokinetics of 5‐hydroxy saxagliptin generally paralleled the changes in saxagliptin. These pharmacokinetic changes were unlikely to be clinically meaningful. Coadministration of omeprazole did not affect saxagliptin Cmax or AUC. Saxagliptin in combination with these medicines resulted in no unexpected safety or tolerability findings in these healthy subjects. No dose adjustment of saxagliptin or separation in the time of saxagliptin dosing is necessary with medicines that raise gastric pH when coadministered with saxagliptin.

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