Although a benign condition, primary hyperhidrosis of the upper limbs (palmar and axillary) may cause considerable psychological, social, and occupational disturbances. Definitive surgical treatment (i.e., upper dorsal sympathectomy) is justified after failure of conservative measures. Of the various surgical approaches to the upper thoracic sympathetic chain, one must select the approach that combines excellent results (cosmetic outcome included) with only minor and infrequent complications and side effects.
Our experience with 70 thoracic sympathectomies (initially performed through a wide thoracotomy, currently by the transaxillary approach) followed up for an average of 25 months (range 1–87 months), corresponds with these strict criteria: 94% completely dry hands; 86% total, and an additional 10% partial, subjective satisfaction with the results; minimal and relatively mild side effects and complications.
These results compare favorably with reports in the literature regarding thoracic sympathectomies performed through alternative approaches, indicating that the transaxillary approach is at least as good as the other approaches. At the same time, side effects and complications are less frequent and of a milder character with the transaxillary approach. We, therefore, recommend the axillary approach for thoracic sympathectomy in cases of hyperhidrosis of the upper limbs.