Review of Geothermal Energy Research in Nigeria: The Geoscience Front

Michael, Abraham Ema; Edet, Nkitnam Elijah

doi:10.35840/2631-5033/1815

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Based on the brief analysis presented in this research, it remains very questionable as to how, in other works, the geothermal resource potential in Nigeria was estimated to be 500 MW [13] [14]. This is, at best, a lofty and faulty estimate, Open Access Library Journal as the authors did not clearly express or provide any analysis to demonstrate the manner in which they arrived at such an estimate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Low-Enthalpy Geothermal Springs for Power Generation—An Alternative Approach

Amoo¹

2019

OALib

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The Earth is under increasing stress owing to carbon emissions. Clean energy forms constitute an area of increasing technological interest. Geothermal energy is a clean alternative energy form that can be harnessed from the Earth's core. The use of geothermal energy resources is gaining substantial interest in many countries, as an integral part of 21 st century clean energy solutions and meeting stringent emission requirements. The objective of this research is to investigate an alternative approach to clean and renewable geothermal energy utilization through geothermal ground water pressure applied within a water turbine. The groundwater pressure from the candidate geothermal sites considered is applied to drive a water turbine for the generation of electrical energy. The geothermal candidate sites are low-temperature (i.e. <60˚C) geothermal springs, where it is not beneficial to apply low temperatures in a Rankine cycle steam turbine due to the low enthalpy. Simple calculations are conducted to estimate the electrical energy output of each candidate site. This may technically be regarded as a thermodynamic problem, albeit one that does not require full thermodynamic cycle analysis. The results of the simple non-rigorous analysis indicate that the electrical energy generation potential is greater when using geothermal water pressure (2.5 MW e ) than when using low geothermal temperature (0.005 MW e ).particularly high projected increase in energy demand. The deployment of alternative and clean energy forms will undoubtedly enhance socio-economic conditions, and over time, climate changes will also be reduced (that is, by preventing anthropogenic greenhouse gases from fossil fuels and the resulting warming).According to World Bank estimates, countries in SSA experience annual electrical power outages ranging from 50 h to 4600 h, which can be juxtaposed with the 8760 h available in a year. As a result, the majority of the populace rely on diesel-or-petrol generated internal combustion engine (ICE) to meet electrical energy needs. However, the cost of using such generators is significant. In the most populous nation in Africa, namely Nigeria, the mean net cost of electrical energy from ICE generators is approximately $14 billion annually, whereas in a smaller nation like Senegal it is approximately $4 million annually. These estimates are also higher than the cost of grid electricity. Also, in Nigeria, the unreliable electricity, costs the economy over $25 billion annually. The broader implications thereof include pollutant emissions that endanger both the environment and human health [1] [2].One of the many means of addressing the electrical energy deficit and improving the environment in developing nations may be through the use of renewable energy forms, such as geothermal energy. Diversifying energy resource generation will enhance energy security and help build an all-encompassing base in the mid-to-long-term energy situation. For example, according to the US Energy Information Administration, as of 2018, car...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Low-Enthalpy Geothermal Springs for Power Generation—An Alternative Approach

Amoo¹

2019

OALib

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“…According to the Philippine Department of Energy, geothermal energy is the country's second-largest energy resource after coal, with a potential capacity of over 4,000 megawatts. The utilization of geothermal energy in the Philippines has contributed significantly to the provision of sustainable energy and the reduction of dependence on imported fossil fuels (Abraham & Nkitnam, 2017).…”

Section: The Benefits Of Geothermal Energy For Economic Sustainabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Geothermal Energy Potential In Supporting National Defense And Economic Sustainability In Developing Countries

Koerniawati

Prakoso

Putri

et al. 2023

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In recent decades, geothermal energy has become increasingly important as an alternative energy source that can support national energy security and economic sustainability in developing countries. This article discusses the potential of geothermal resources and their implications for national defense and economic sustainability in developing countries. The author presents an overview of the potential of geothermal energy in developing countries and then discusses its implications for national defense and economic sustainability. This article also discusses the challenges and opportunities faced by developing countries in harnessing the potential of geothermal energy to strengthen energy security and support economic growth. The method used in this research is literature analysis and case studies. Data was collected from sources such as official government reports, academic studies, and scientific journal articles. The results of the study show that geothermal energy has great potential in supporting national defense and economic sustainability in developing countries. However, there are still many challenges to be overcome in developing the geothermal energy industry, including difficulties in identifying geothermal resource potential and building the necessary infrastructure to harness it. Nevertheless, this article shows that geothermal energy can be a promising solution for developing countries to strengthen energy security and support sustainable economic growth.

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“…The residual gravity anomaly map produced was also given a weight value corresponding to its considered level of influence on geothermal occurrence using the pair-wise comparison technique in the AHP. The fact that gravity data can significantly help reveal the subsurface lithology, such as hidden plutons and structures that serve as an area of geothermal interest, serves as a zone of weakness that enables the transmission of hot molten magma to the Earth's surface [4,53]. Similarly, the gravity sub-classes derived from the reclassification of the gravity anomaly map (Figure 6A,B) were also assigned evidence layer weight value (Table 1) based on their assumed level of impact on the geothermal occurrences following a pair-wise comparison method [15].…”

Section: Gravity Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These negative impacts include air pollution, crude oil spillage problems, and gas flaring issues, etc. Hence, there is a need to explore other sources of energy that cause no harm to the Sustainability 2021, 13, 8525 2 of 22 environment [3,4]. There is also the need to investigate other healthier and renewable means of adding to the country's quantum of energy for its sustainable growth and development [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Preliminary Geothermal Prospectivity Mapping Based on Integrated GIS, Remote-Sensing, and Geophysical Techniques around Northeastern Nigeria

2021

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Spatial mapping of potential geothermal areas is an effective tool for a preliminary investigation and the development of a clean and renewable energy source around the globe. Specific locations within the Earth’s crust display some manifestations of sub-surface geothermal occurrences, such as hot springs, a volcanic plug, mud volcanoes, and hydrothermal alterations, that need to be investigated further. The present area of investigations also reveals some of these manifestations. However, no attempt was made to examine the prospectivity of this terrain using the efficient GIS-based multicriteria evaluation (MCE) within the scope of the Analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The integration of remote sensing, Geographic information system (GIS), and other geophysical methods (Magnetic and gravity) was performed to map the promising geothermal areas. Multiple input data sets such as aero-magnetic, aero-gravity, aero-radiometric, digital elevation model (DEM), geological map, and Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) data were selected, processed, and use to generate five thematic layers, which include heat flow, temperature gradients, integrated lineaments, residual gravity, and lithology maps. The five thematic layers were standardized and synthesized into a geothermal prospectivity map. The respective ranks and weight of the thematic layers and their classes were assigned based on expert opinion and knowledge of the local geology. This research aims to apply an efficient method to evaluate the factors influencing the geothermal energy prospects, identify and map prospective geothermal regions, and, finally, create a geothermal prospectivity model.

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Review of Geothermal Energy Research in Nigeria: The Geoscience Front

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Low-Enthalpy Geothermal Springs for Power Generation—An Alternative Approach

Low-Enthalpy Geothermal Springs for Power Generation—An Alternative Approach

Geothermal Energy Potential In Supporting National Defense And Economic Sustainability In Developing Countries

A Preliminary Geothermal Prospectivity Mapping Based on Integrated GIS, Remote-Sensing, and Geophysical Techniques around Northeastern Nigeria

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