Review of Global and Regional Trends in Hiv Morbidity and Mortality

Shabunova, Alexandra; Kalachikova, Ol'ga; Korolenko, Aleksandra

doi:10.21045/2071-5021-2017-54-2-9

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The efficacy of preventive programs should also be reflected in the improvement of the level of quality of life of employees [74,75]. In case of a decrease in occupational safety control, there was an increase in trauma and an incidence that may lead to a decrease in the level of quality of life of healthcare practitioners [76][77][78][79][80][81]. A number of authors have found that exposure of medical personnel to EMR may be associated with adverse effects on their cardiovascular system [82].…”

Section: Life Quality Level As An Indicator Of the State Of Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Assessment of Health Impacts from Exposure to Nonionizing Radiation for Healthcare Practitioners Working with MRI and Ultrasound

Ibrayeva,

Grebeneva,

Omarkulov

et al. 2024

Advances in Public Health

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Background. It is necessary to monitor the health disorders of healthcare practitioners exposed to a complex of occupational hazards to optimize their activities and substantiation of preventive health measures. The purpose of the study was the hygienic assessment of occupational hazards, analysis of data on self-assessment of the state of health (SASH questionnaire) among healthcare practitioners (MRI diagnostics specialists, ultrasound diagnostics specialists, and ophthalmologists, as a control group) exposed to nonionizing radiation, ultrasound, and noise. Materials and Methods. An analysis of hygienic parameters of the working environment (workplace) and questionnaire data of healthcare practitioners were carried out. The number of illnesses and absences from work, the level of quality of life, the level of depression, and the self-assessment of the state of health were evaluated according to the questionnaire. Results. An analysis of workloads made it possible to rank the severity and intensity of labor. Health disorders (according to the self-assessment of the state of health), the number of absences from work due to illness, an increase in complaints and level of depression, and a decrease in the level of quality of life were corresponded to the severity of labor. It was revealed that healthcare practitioners were exposed to a number of hazards during their work (above the threshold limit value (TLV)), which caused an increase in health disorders. Conclusions. During the organization of workplace ergonomics and implementation of preventive measures directed to maintaining health and early diagnosis of diseases, one should take into account the hygienic indicators of the working environment that exceed TLV, the results of self-assessment of the state of health (complaints) and morbidity of healthcare practitioners, the level of quality of life and the level of depression.

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Section: Life Quality Level As An Indicator Of the State Of Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Assessment of Health Impacts from Exposure to Nonionizing Radiation for Healthcare Practitioners Working with MRI and Ultrasound

Ibrayeva,

Grebeneva,

Omarkulov

et al. 2024

Advances in Public Health

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Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Hiv-Infected Subjects: Microflora, Antibiotic Resistance: Dependence on the Levels of Cd4 Lymphocytes

Акушева¹,

Khokhlova²,

Камшилова³

et al. 2019

Med. immunol.

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Purulent inflammatory diseases of various types and etiology comprise major causes of death among the HIV-infected individuals. The purpose of this work was to determine a variety of communityacquired pathogens causing pneumonia, their antibiotic resistance profiles, and dependence on the CD4 lymphocyte levels, as well as identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus species and their molecular genetic characteristics in HIV-infected patients from the Krasnoyarsk City. Over the period of 2012 to 2016, we have examined 152 HIV-infected patients at the Clinical Pulmonology Department with a verified diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia. Sputum specimens, bronchoalveolar lavage, pleural fluid, washings, pleural pus, as well as nasal and pharyngeal smears were studied for microflora, and blood tests for sterility were performed in these patients, by means of bacteriological techniques. Antibiotic sensitivity was determined by the disc diffusion method; drug sensitivity of staphylococci was performed by screening, PCR technique, serial dilution in semi-solid medium, according to the CLSI and EUCAST recommendations. PCR, M-PCR, and gene sequencing were applied for genotyping and determination of their genetic features. The results were processed with WHONET digital program (WHO). The significance level was p < 0.05. During the entire study period, the yeast-like fungi of Candida genus (30.4 and 35.6%) were consistently isolated from HIV-infected patients. These microorganisms were isolated in a pure cultures at etiologically significant amounts from one-third of the HIV-infected cohort. At the same time, they formed active associations, mostly with Enterobacteriaceae family members. At the same time, Candida fungi were most frequently detected in the lower respiratory tract of those HIV-infected persons who showed severe immunodeficiency (CD4 cell levels < 200 cells/µl). We have also isolated non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria (12.9%), staphylococci (8.9%), and Enterobacteriaceae (4.4%). The microorganisms were characterized by polyresistance to antimicrobial agents. The MRSA clone circulating in the HIV-infected cohort was characterized as ST239/spa3(t037) /agr1/SCCmecIII.1.1.2 (IIIA)/coaIV/tst+ with high virulence and multiresistance levels. Hence, we have found a number of poly-resistant microorganisms playing a role for development of community-acquired pneumonia in HIV-infected patients, i.e., Candida spp, Gram-negative microorganisms, MRSA, often presenting a component of microbial associations. Candida fungi were detected most often in the HIV-infected individuals with severe immunodeficiency, at the CD4 level of < 200 cells/µl. High detection frequency of such microflora requires some modifications of antimicrobial therapy in HIV-infected subjects affected by the community-acquired pneumonia.

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HIV-mortality trends in the regions of Russian Federation

Savina,

Lukmanov,

Zemlyanova

2023

VIČ-infekc. immunosupr.

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Background. In the beginning of 2000s infectious mortality in Russian regions was predominantly determined by socially significant diseases i.e. TB, hepatitis and HIV. Over 20-year period contribution of HIV to mortality within the class «Certain infectious and parasitic diseases» increased multi-fold and it moved to the top of ranking. According to experts’ opinion, accelerated increase of mortality from HIV in the second decade of XXI century was partly conditioned by peculiarities of registration of death causes as well as insufficient antiretroviral coverage in Russian regions.Objective. Identification of trends and features of the dynamics of mortality from HIV/AIDS in certain age groups in the subjects of the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. Analysis of mortality indicators in Russian regions was conducted using official statistics of Rosstat and Federal Service for Surveillance in Healthcare for 2000–2021. Method of direct ranking was applied to analyze mortality from HIV-associated causes.Results and discussion. According to official statistics, mortality from HIV-associated causes has reached its peak values in 2018. Analysis of gender differences shows that mortality in males is twice higher than in females. There are substantial differences in regional levels of mortality from HIV-associated causes. The highest mortality levels from those causes were registered in several regions of Siberia and Urals.Conclusion. The study results show that Kemerovo region is the most unfavourable in terms of HIV-mortality. In 2021, the indicator estimated 50.4 per 100,000 that is nearly 5-fold higher than the country’s average. The number of HIV deaths in Kemerovo region was higher than cumulative number of deaths from external causes (alcohol poisonings, suicides, homicides, drownings and transport injuries). High levels of mortality from HIV were also registered in Perm territory (32.3), Irkutsk (32.2), Novosibirsk (27.5) and Sverdlovsk (26.4) regions.

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Review of Global and Regional Trends in Hiv Morbidity and Mortality

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Comprehensive Assessment of Health Impacts from Exposure to Nonionizing Radiation for Healthcare Practitioners Working with MRI and Ultrasound

Comprehensive Assessment of Health Impacts from Exposure to Nonionizing Radiation for Healthcare Practitioners Working with MRI and Ultrasound

Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Hiv-Infected Subjects: Microflora, Antibiotic Resistance: Dependence on the Levels of Cd4 Lymphocytes

HIV-mortality trends in the regions of Russian Federation

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