Review of greenhouse gas emissions from crop production systems and fertilizer management effects

Snyder, Clifford S.; Bruulsema, Tom W.; Jensen, Thomas L; Fixen, P. E.

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2009.04.021

Cited by 1,310 publications

(874 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…However, in newly converted upland orchard, the regeneration of oxidants, in particular re-oxidation of Fe(II), thus contributes to the uptake of CH 4 (Eusufzai et al 2010). Meanwhile, N 2 O emissions were generally higher in optimum soil moisture and N supply as a result of tight coupling between nitrification and denitrification (Snyder et al 2009). Those results were in well agreement with earlier studies (Knox et al 2015;Weller et al 2016) showing that the formation of aerobic conditions caused by land use conversion could result in the reduced CH 4 fluxes at the expense of increasing N 2 O fluxes (Jiang et al 2009).…”

Section: Effects Of Land Use Conversion On Soil Ch 4 and N 2 O Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of land use conversion and fertilization on CH4 and N2O fluxes from typical hilly red soil

Liu

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Land use conversion and fertilization have been widely reported to be important managements affecting the exchanges of greenhouse gases between soil and atmosphere. For comprehensive assessment of methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) fluxes from hilly red soil induced by land use conversion and fertilization, a 14-month continuous field measurement was conducted on the newly converted citrus orchard plots with fertilization (OF) and without fertilization (ONF) and the conventional paddy plots with fertilization (PF) and without fertilization (PNF). Our results showed that land use conversion from paddy to orchard reduced the CH 4 fluxes at the expense of increasing the N 2 O fluxes. Furthermore, fertilization significantly decreased the CH 4 fluxes from paddy soils in the second stage after conversion, but it failed to affect the CH 4 fluxes from orchard soils, whereas fertilizer applied to orchard and paddy increased soil N 2 O emissions by 68 and 113.9 %, respectively. Thus, cumulative CH 4 emissions from the OF were 100 % lower, and N 2 O emissions were 421 % higher than those from the PF. Although cumulative N 2 O emissions were stimulated in the newly converted orchard, the strong reduction of CH 4 led to lower global warming potentials (GWPs) as compared to the paddy. Besides, fertilization in orchard increased GWPs but decreased GWPs of paddy soils. In addition, measurement of soil moisture, temperature, dissolved carbon contents (DOCs), and ammonia (NH 4 + -N) and nitrate (NO 3 − -N) contents indicated a significant variation in soil properties and contributed to variations in soil CH 4 and N 2 O fluxes. Results of this study suggest that land use conversion from paddy to orchard would benefit for reconciling greenhouse gas mitigation and citrus orchard cultivation would be a better agricultural system in the hilly red soils in terms of greenhouse gas emission. Moreover, selected fertilizer rate applied to paddy would lead to lower GWPs of CH 4 and N 2 O. Nevertheless, more field measurements from newly converted orchard are highly needed to gain an insight into national and global accounting of CH 4 and N 2 O emissions.

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Section: Effects Of Land Use Conversion On Soil Ch 4 and N 2 O Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of land use conversion and fertilization on CH4 and N2O fluxes from typical hilly red soil

Liu

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…While many of these early carbon footprint assessments only focused on CO 2 emissions, our calculation were extended to a life cycle assessment (LCA) calculations based on the ISO standard (ISO International Standard 14040, 2006) including CO 2 and N 2 O emissions. Because our carbon footprint calculations were focused on the German supply chain predominantly for mineral fertilizers, methane emissions were not relevant (Snyder et al 2009). Contribution to global warming was calculated using the global warming potential for a 100-year time horizon (IPCC 2007) with one CO 2 equivalent for CO 2 and 298 CO 2 equivalents for N 2 O.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Basic data for the GHG emission of mineral fertilizer production and application were taken from Davis and Haglund (1999), Jenssen and Kongshaug (2003), Wood and Cowie (2004), IPCC (2007), Snyder et al (2009) and Hasler et al (2015). The flow-chart of the mineral fertilizer production and input materials is shown in Figure 1 (EFMA 2000a-d).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the carbon footprint calculations were extended to a basic life cycle assessment (LCA) approach focusing only on CO 2 and N 2 O emissions. Methane emissions were not considered because they mainly occur during rice cultivation, in short-term waterlogged soils and from ruminant livestock (Snyder et al 2009), and are not relevant for the study on the German fertilizer supply chain.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eco-innovations in the German fertilizer supply chain: Impact on the carbon footprint of fertilizers

Hasler¹,

Bröring²,

Omta³

et al. 2017

Plant Soil Environ.

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The aim of this paper is to analyse to what extent the existing eco-innovations in the German fertilizer domain might reduce the fertilizer carbon footprint without compromising on crop productivity. The continuously growing demand for agricultural products will require a further increase in agricultural production mostly achieved with additional external inputs (fossil energy, pesticides, irrigation water and fertilizers). Fertilizer in general and nitrogen fertilizers in particular are major factors for yield increases in crop production. On the other hand, emissions of greenhouse gases play a dominant role in the debate on the environmental burden of fertilizers. Typical mineral fertilizers were compared with so-called stabilized nitrogen fertilizers and secondary raw material fertilizers in this study. Additionally, an effect of the combination of irrigation with fertilization (i.e. fertigation) was investigated. With an adopted life cycle assessment approach focusing on CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O emission, the carbon footprints of the different fertilizer options were considered. The calculations showed that especially the use of stabilized nitrogen fertilizer reduced the fertilization-related carbon footprint up to 13%. However, because of higher costs or incomplete supply chain relationships, adoption of these innovations is expected to be rather limited in the near future. Fertilizers made from secondary raw materials resulted in similar carbon footprints as mineral ones, but they can help to close nutrient cycles and use by-products of other production processes.

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“…Reducing the use of grain and its attendant CO 2 and N 2 O emissions, while maintaining economically sustainable levels of milk production, is contingent upon feeding highest forage quality, which is made possible through, for example, the use of best pasture management strategies. Since the N 2 O emission from manure may not be much different between confinement and pasture systems (Mosier et al, 1998), the main system difference in N 2 O emission is related to mineral nitrogen fertilizer use (Flessa et al, 2002;Snyder et al, 2009). Feeding supplemental corn, for example, adds to the total GHG emission through both the use of MNF (Refsgaard et al, 1998;Flessa et al, 2002), and tillage, where tillage increases emissions of GHGs (Robertson et al, 2000) compared with grazed pasture (Saggar et al, 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of dairy systems on enteric methane and postulated effects on total greenhouse gas emission

Fredeen

Juurlink²,

Main

et al. 2013

Animal

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The effects of feeding total mixed ration (TMR) or pasture forage from a perennial sward under a management intensive grazing (MIG) regimen on grain intake and enteric methane (EM) emission were measured using chambers. Chamber measurement of EM was compared with that of SF 6 employed both within chamber and when cows grazed in the field. The impacts of the diet on farm gate greenhouse gas (GHG) emission were also postulated using the results of existing life cycle assessments. Emission of EM was measured in gas collection chambers in Spring and Fall. In Spring, pasture forage fiber quality was higher than that of the silage used in the TMR (47.5% v. 56.3% NDF; 24.3% v. 37.9% ADF). Higher forage quality from MIG subsequently resulted in 25% less grain use relative to TMR (0.24 v. 0.32 kg dry matter/kg milk) for MIG compared with TMR. The Fall forage fiber quality was still better, but the higher quality of MIG pasture was not as pronounced as that in Spring. Neither yield of fat-corrected milk (FCM) which averaged 28.3 kg/day, nor EM emission which averaged 18.9 g/kg dry matter intake (DMI) were significantly affected by diet in Spring. However, in the Fall, FCM from MIG (21.3 kg/day) was significantly lower than that from TMR (23.4 kg/day). Despite the differences in FCM yield, in terms of EM emission that averaged 21.9 g/kg DMI was not significantly different between the diets. In this study, grain requirement, but not EM, was a distinguishing feature of pasture and confinement systems. Considering the increased predicted GHG emissions arising from the production and use of grain needed to boost milk yield in confinement systems, EM intensity alone is a poor predictor of the potential impact of a dairy system on climate forcing.

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Review of greenhouse gas emissions from crop production systems and fertilizer management effects

Cited by 1,310 publications

References 116 publications

Effects of land use conversion and fertilization on CH4 and N2O fluxes from typical hilly red soil

Effects of land use conversion and fertilization on CH4 and N2O fluxes from typical hilly red soil

Eco-innovations in the German fertilizer supply chain: Impact on the carbon footprint of fertilizers

Implications of dairy systems on enteric methane and postulated effects on total greenhouse gas emission

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