Review of groundwater pollution from waste disposal sites in England and Wales, with provisional guidelines for future site selection

Gray, D.A.; Mather, J. D.; Harrison, I.

doi:10.1144/gsl.qjeg.1974.007.02.04

Cited by 25 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Turajo et al [ 23 ] explored the issues of burial practice and its effect on groundwater pollution in Maiduguri, Nigeria and reported that the groundwater samples from boreholes at very close proximity to the cemetery were characterised by high pH values among other physicochemical properties and had significantly higher concentrations compared with the values obtained from boreholes located far distance away from Cemeteries. Turajo et al [ 23 ] findings were in support of earlier study by Gray et al [ 24 ] in England that reported a reduction in contamination levels as the distance from cemeteries increases. In Benin City, Idehen [ 25 ] conducted univariate and multivariate analyses on the dataset obtained from characterization of groundwater samples from cemetery vicinity and identified Cl, NO₃, SO₄, BOD₅, Na, K, Mg, Pb, Mn, Cu, Ni, and Zn as parameters that could bear imprints of burial leakage from cemeteries.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Burial leakage: A human accustomed groundwater contaminant sources and health hazards study near cemeteries in Benin City, Nigeria

Ezenwa,

Omoigberale,

Abulu

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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This study was carried out to assess the levels of physico-chemical parameters that could be impacted by burial leakage and associated human health risks in Benin City, Nigeria. A total of thirty groundwater samples were collected from two cemeteries and analysed for pH, alkalinity, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, phosphate, ammonia- N, calcium, sodium, potassium, BOD₅, COD, Mn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Fe. The concentrations of the parameters were compared to national and international standards. The results revealed that the groundwater is highly acidic in nature. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that except for alkalinity, all other parameters characterised contributed significantly to various principal components (PC) with eigenvalues ≥ 1. Moreover, the significance of the PC depicted decomposition of the body corpse and associated burial materials. Water quality index (WQI), heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) and Nemerov pollution index (NI) indicated that groundwater from the study area is of poor quality, and highly contaminated by heavy metals. We determined the Chronic health risk through exposure by calculating the hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI), for both children and adults. For the oral exposure, approximately 33% of samples suggest the high category of chronic risk for children while the medium category was indicated for adults. We found that oral exposure showed relatively higher risk than dermal exposure, and chronic risk for children and adults ranged from low to negligible. However, the carcinogenic risk of Ni and Pb via oral exposure route suggests, very high risk for Ni and medium risk for Pb. In consideration that long term exposure to low concentrations of some heavy metals (including Pb, Cd, and Ni) could result in different manifestations of cancer, we recommend that residents of these areas should find an alternative source of water for drinking and other domestic uses.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Burial leakage: A human accustomed groundwater contaminant sources and health hazards study near cemeteries in Benin City, Nigeria

Ezenwa,

Omoigberale,

Abulu

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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“…Les rejets d'eaux usées sur les terrasses situées au nord du bassin et les lixiviats de l'ancienne décharge publique au niveau de l'oued Boukhara, un des affluents les plus importants de l'oued Nil, sont d'autres sources probables de cette contamination. Des études (GRAY et al, 1974;RUGGE et al, 1995) ont montré les dangers liés à la présence des décharges publiques à proximité des sources d'eau. De façon globale, l'évaluation des concentrations des métaux présents à l'état de trace dans l'eau reste une opération délicate et se heurte en permanence à des risques de contamination.…”

Section: Variations De L'activité De La Superoxyde Dismutase (Sod)unclassified

Stress oxydant induit par la coexposition au plomb et au cadmium : deux contaminants des eaux souterraines de Oued Nil (Jijel - Algérie)

Belli

Lahouel

Chebab

et al. 2010

rseau

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L’évaluation globale des résultats d’analyses physico-chimiques de certaines sources d’eaux d’alimentation, situées dans le bassin versant de l’oued Nil dans la ville de Jijel, met en évidence un profil de concentration du plomb et du cadmium qui dépasse de loin les normes requises. Dans l’objectif d’étudier les effets sous-jacents de la concentration la plus élevée détectée de ces deux métaux sur les biomarqueurs du stress oxydant, quatre lots de rats mâles adultes ont été exposés, via l’eau de boisson, à des concentrations ×0, ×1, ×10 et ×100 les concentrations environnementales du plomb et du cadmium, détectées dans les échantillons de l’eau analysée, pendant quatre semaines. L’évaluation toxicologique a montré une réponse biochimique caractérisée par une augmentation hautement significative des taux cytosoliques et mitochondriaux de la superoxyde dismutase chez les rats exposés aux concentrations ×10 et ×100 du mélange plomb-cadmium par rapport aux rats exposés à la concentration ×0. Les résultats de notre étude indiquent une diminution très significative de l’activité de la catalase dans les cytosols et les mitochondries pour le niveau d’exposition ×1 et hautement significative pour les niveaux d’exposition ×10 et ×100. La diminution du glutathion réduit dans les cytosols pour les niveaux d’exposition ×10 et ×100 traduit l’altération des mécanismes des défenses non enzymatiques. Une atteinte très sévère des membranes biologiques dans les mitochondries et les cytosols est objectivée par une augmentation des taux du malondialdéhyde pour tous les niveaux d’exposition de ×1 à ×100.

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“…1.3. 104 The Founex Report, supra, note 99; Mostafa K. Tolba, "Only One Earth", Science for Better Environment, Proceedings of the International Congress on the Human Environment (Oxford, England: Pergamon Press Ltd., Kyoto,1975) 7, at pg. 14.…”

Section: Silent Springmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable groundwater management in Lagos, Nigeria: the regulatory framework

Ogunba

2015

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This doctoral research focuses on groundwater degradation in Lagos, Nigeria.Groundwater is a critically important natural resource in Lagos that is presently troubled by pollution that emanates from solid waste and wastewater. The city generates 10,000 metric tons of waste and 350 million gallons of wastewater daily, all of which are improperly managed and are heavily polluting its groundwater. This direct environmental pollution is aggravated by indirect problems of over-urbanization, and legal and institutional shortcomings. Overurbanization in Lagos has resulted into a monumental population of 21 million people in the tiny city, which generates the enormous quantities of solid waste and wastewater. The population places a tremendous burden on the city's water resources, forcing residents to revert to groundwater which is suffering the plight of pollution, and hence the concern of this research.The pollution problem is worsened by civic apathy to environmental matters, and unresolved by a nascent water sector whose evolving governance structures do not adequately address the multi-dimensional pollution problem. In the final analysis, the absence of holistic and comprehensive groundwater legislation that addresses all these problems challenges the sustainability of this vital resource.The research adopts a cross-disciplinary approach by combining several methodologies: historical legal analysis, important insights from scientific studies and from sociological studies that rationalize the demographical movement to Lagos which is at the root of the pollution problem; field work investigation to confirm the fact, source, and extent of polluted groundwater; and a comparative approach by examining the European Union's legal framework for managing groundwater and waste in order to extract sustainable practices for adoption in Lagos. It concludes with a range of recommendations for incorporation into a legal framework iii that will help to improve the sustainability of the groundwater resource. The study contributes to knowledge by attempting to close a vacuum, which is the paucity of studies that investigate underlying social factors that trigger groundwater pollution, and also by providing broad and holistic recommendations for law reform. It addresses the role of law in remediating the pollution, managing the effects of over-urbanization and overpopulation on groundwater, strengthening institutions, and eliminating legal inadequacies.iv Water, which is composed of both surface and groundwater, is an ancient and fundamental resource which is unarguably indispensable to human life. It is the life force of the planet.2 As a finite resource, national governments, international organizations, and scholars now acknowledge that water is crucial to life, to social development, to poverty alleviation, to health and to economic development. Dependable water supplies contribute to the growth of national Gross Domestic Product (GDP), but lack of water promotes economic stagnation and decline. 3Water is used in the dire...

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Review of groundwater pollution from waste disposal sites in England and Wales, with provisional guidelines for future site selection

Cited by 25 publications

References 1 publication

Burial leakage: A human accustomed groundwater contaminant sources and health hazards study near cemeteries in Benin City, Nigeria

Burial leakage: A human accustomed groundwater contaminant sources and health hazards study near cemeteries in Benin City, Nigeria

Stress oxydant induit par la coexposition au plomb et au cadmium : deux contaminants des eaux souterraines de Oued Nil (Jijel - Algérie)

Sustainable groundwater management in Lagos, Nigeria: the regulatory framework

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