Review of hierarchical control strategies for DC microgrid

Abhishek, Anand; Ranjan, Aashish; Devassy, Sachin; Verma, Brijendra Kumar; Ram, Subhash Kumar; Dhakar, Ajeet Kumar

doi:10.1049/iet-rpg.2019.1136

Cited by 129 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 109 publications

(245 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…To resolve this issue, a distributed secondary controller is presented in [194] with consensus-based algorithm instead of droop control. The decentralized controller is also implemented as a secondary level controller for the hierarchical approach due to its relatively less complexity and minimal communication requirement [195]. It mainly performs local control tasks based on local measurements for individual converters.…”

Section: ) Secondary Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

DC Microgrid Planning, Operation, and Control: A Comprehensive Review

Al–Ismail

2021

IEEE Access

341

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In recent years, due to the wide utilization of direct current (DC) power sources, such as solar photovoltaic (PV), fuel cells, different DC loads, high-level integration of different energy storage systems such as batteries, supercapacitors, DC microgrids have been gaining more importance. Furthermore, unlike conventional AC systems, DC microgrids do not have issues such as synchronization, harmonics, reactive power control, and frequency control. However, the incorporation of different distributed generators, such as PV, wind, fuel cell, loads, and energy storage devices in the common DC bus complicates the control of DC bus voltage as well as the power-sharing. In order to ensure the secure and safe operation of DC microgrids, different control techniques, such as centralized, decentralized, distributed, multilevel, and hierarchical control, are presented. The optimal planning of DC microgrids has an impact on operation and control algorithms; thus, coordination among them is required. A detailed review of the planning, operation, and control of DC microgrids is missing in the existing literature. Thus, this article documents developments in the planning, operation, and control of DC microgrids covered in research in the past 15 years. DC microgrid planning, operation, and control challenges and opportunities are discussed. Different planning, control, and operation methods are well documented with their advantages and disadvantages to provide an excellent foundation for industry personnel and researchers. Power-sharing and energy management operation, control, and planning issues are summarized for both grid-connected and islanded DC microgrids. Also, key research areas in DC microgrid planning, operation, and control are identified to adopt cuttingedge technologies. This review explicitly helps readers understand existing developments on DC microgrid planning, operation, and control as well as identify the need for additional research in order to further contribute to the topic. INDEX TERMS DC microgrids, renewable energy sources, batteries, supercapacitors, DC bus voltage, power management, state of charge, microgrid operation, and planning.

show abstract

Section: ) Secondary Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

DC Microgrid Planning, Operation, and Control: A Comprehensive Review

Al–Ismail

2021

IEEE Access

341

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Master-slave, peer-to-peer, and hierarchical control strategy are the most well-known structures in MGC [3]. In this paper, hierarchical control is applied to control the MGC in order to take the advantage of stable operation of the system especially at the transition between islanded and grid-connected mode [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inverter Control Analysis in a Microgrid Community Based on Droop Control Strategy

Salehi¹,

García²,

Quesada³

et al. 2024

RE&PQJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Power-sharing in a microgrid community (MGC) requires mandatory strategies in order to stabilize the system by maintaining the rated frequency and voltage. The hierarchical control strategy is the most adopted control structure due to providing seamless operation in transient between islanded and grid-connected modes. Droop control strategy is discussed in this paper to control the voltage source inverter (VSI) in power exchange mode with other microgrids (MGs) or main utility grid. After analysing the average model of three-phase VSI, the voltage and current transfer functions are obtained according to the considered droop controller. The stability and seamless operation of the system are analysed, and the simulation results verify the control loops of the VSI can handle the power variation of the MG effectively.

show abstract

“…A DC microgrid can be defined as a power system formed by renewable energy sources (RESs), energy storage devices (ESDs), loads connected to a DC bus (see Figure 1), and a control system that manages the energy resources to supply the loads [1]. The RESs use the local resources to generate the power required by the loads.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such power unbalances are compensated by regulating the DC bus voltage using one (or more) ESD and a charging/discharging system [1]. On the one hand, when the load exceeds the generation, the DC bus voltage tends to decrease; then, the ESD is discharged to balance generation and load, as consequence, the DC bus voltage increases and returns to its reference value.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Control of a Battery Charger/Discharger Based on the Flyback Topology

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Devices connected to microgrids require safe conditions during their connection, disconnection and operation. The required safety is achieved through the design and control of the converters that interface elements with the microgrid. Therefore, the design of both power and control stages of a battery charger/discharger based on a flyback is proposed in this paper. First, the structure of a battery charger/discharger is proposed, including the battery, the flyback, the DC bus, and the control scheme. Then, three models to represent the battery charger/discharger are developed in this work; a switched model, an averaged model, and a steady-state model, which are used to obtain the static and dynamic behavior of the system, and also to obtain the design equations. Based on those models, a sliding-mode controller is designed, which includes the adaptive calculation of one parameter. Subsequently, a procedure to select the flyback HFT, the output capacitor, and the Kv parameter based on operation requirements of the battery charger/discharger is presented in detail. Five tests developed in PSIM demonstrate the global stability of the system, the correct design of the circuit and controller parameters, the satisfactory regulation of the bus voltage, and the correct operation of the system for charge, discharge and stand-by conditions. Furthermore, a contrast with a classical PI structure confirms the performance of the proposed sliding-mode controller.

show abstract

Review of hierarchical control strategies for DC microgrid

Cited by 129 publications

References 109 publications

DC Microgrid Planning, Operation, and Control: A Comprehensive Review

DC Microgrid Planning, Operation, and Control: A Comprehensive Review

Inverter Control Analysis in a Microgrid Community Based on Droop Control Strategy

Design and Control of a Battery Charger/Discharger Based on the Flyback Topology

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About