Review of high current rating insulated cable solutions

Benato, Roberto; Colla, L.; Sessa, Sebastian Dambone; Marelli, Marco

doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2015.12.005

Cited by 31 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Typically, for sections larger than 1200 mm 2 of copper and 1600 mm 2 of aluminium, the conductor has a segmented design which is commonly known as Milliken conductor [23,24]. Moreover, in order to achieve very high ampacity levels some special solutions can be used [25].…”

Section: Transmission Cable System Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High voltage AC underground cable systems for power transmission – A review of the Danish experience, part 1

Bak

Silva

2016

Electric Power Systems Research

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Section: Transmission Cable System Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High voltage AC underground cable systems for power transmission – A review of the Danish experience, part 1

Bak

Silva

2016

Electric Power Systems Research

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“…Figure 1 shows the cell cascade where S and R stand for sending and receiving ends respectively. Being that ∆ is sufficiently small, it is possible to lump the uniformly distributed shunt admittances at both ends of the cell (transverse blocks TS and TR) and to consider separately the longitudinal elements in the block L (where i RL ≡ i SL ) [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. By applying this modelling approach, it is possible to compute the currents and voltages along the cable length for each conductive element of the multiconductor system, i.e., phase conductors, screens, and armour (if present).…”

Section: Mca For Evaluating Sequence Impedances Of Cable Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been applied successfully to the analysis of a great number of asymmetrical/multiconductor systems from overhead lines with one or more ground wires to single-core ac and dc cables with screens and armour, gas insulated lines, and distribution line carriers. Papers [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] give some suggestions to deepen such applications, and [14] deals with the validation of the MCA method by exploiting the comparison with experimental measurements. MCA is based on the subdivision of the system into n elementary cells: the model type for the computation of elementary cell impedances can be chosen between Carson theory [15,16], Carson-Clem simplified formulae [17] or Schelkunoff/Wedepohl [18,19] formulae: at power frequency, all the formulations give the same results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence Impedances of Land Single-Core Insulated Cables: Direct Formulae and Multiconductor Cell Analyses Compared with Measurements

et al. 2020

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The paper deals with the sequence impedances (positive/negative and zero sequences) of high-and extra-high-voltage land single-core insulated cables. In particular, it presents the comparisons between sequence impedance measurements and computations. The computations of the sequence impedances are carried out by means of the most important international normative and council references (IEC/Cigré) and of multiconductor cell analysis which is a consolidated and powerful tool developed by University of Padova in order to analyse power frequency regimes of multiconductor asymmetric power systems. The comparisons are presented with reference to four high-and extra-high voltage insulated cables, even if the available ones are much higher: however, the conclusions derived from these four reference cases are general and can be useful for transmission system operators and for power electric system engineers involved in insulated cables. The paper demonstrates, for the first time in technical literature, that direct formulae cannot correctly evaluate the sequence impedances of installed single-core land cable systems. Extensive on-field measurement campaigns have served to this purpose.

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“…In particular, the Ossanna's formulation has been extensively applied to a stepwise duration curve forecasting the power flows of a given overhead line [14][15][16]. The CALAJOULE researchers have also benefitted from a long experience in the transmission and distribution electric grids witnessed by several papers [17][18][19][20][21]. This topic is well covered in technical literature also in international working groups and standards [22][23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

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confidence: 99%

CALAJOULE: An Italian Research to Lessen Joule Power Losses in Overhead Lines by Means of Innovative Conductors

et al. 2019

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The ongoing evolution of the power system to implement climate action policies is resulting in a continuous increase in the penetration of renewables and the necessity of strengthening the transmission grid to optimize the usage of those sources and contain operation costs. Reinforcing the transmission lines or building new ones is a process that is made difficult due to authorization issues related with environmental and public acceptance concerns. Developing innovative conductors for overhead lines with enhanced performances with respect to the traditional ones would bring benefits in terms of energy efficiency increases in transmission and distribution grids without requiring the substitution of the existing towers. The project CALAJOULE (the genesis of the acronym comes from the union of the Italian verb "calare"-to decrease-to the third person singular, namely "cala" i.e., decreases, and of Joule, obvious reference to the active losses), cofinanced by the Italian Ministry of Economic Development in the framework of the "Ricerca di Sistema" program, aims at proposing innovative solutions for overhead line conductors for the containment of Joule power losses. In this paper, starting from the state-of-the-art of the currently adopted conductors, the main innovative solutions resulting from the project are presented and compared with the traditional ones to evaluate the achievable reduction in Joule losses.Energies 2019, 12, 3107 2 of 21 flexibility. The above-mentioned climate action policies are resulting in an evolution of the generation park, with the gradual substitution of traditional fossil-fuelled power plants with a high number of smaller generators, the majority of which are connected to the distribution network. To accompany this change, it is of utmost importance to have a power system infrastructure capable of hosting the geographically displaced generation and the sudden changes in the power flows, containing the formation of bottlenecks, and improving the energy efficiency of the whole system. Along with innovative network management techniques [4], aiming at exploiting the presence of distributed generators and their participation to the ancillary services market [5], it will be necessary to upgrade the infrastructure of the electricity system as increasing shares of electricity production will shift from large power plants to small generators. As it is well known, active losses in electricity systems vary considerably depending on the voltage level. Typically, active losses ranging from 2% to 10% can be assumed, passing from transmission networks (high and extra-high voltage levels, HV and EHV, respectively) to distribution networks (medium and low voltage levels, MV and LV, respectively) [6][7][8][9]. For overhead lines (OHLs), the different Joule losses values are due to the r/x ratios (ratio between the resistance r and the reactance x of the positive sequence impedance) of the transmission lines being much lower than those of the distribution networks. The reduction of Joule losses in the po...

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Review of high current rating insulated cable solutions

Cited by 31 publications

References 9 publications

High voltage AC underground cable systems for power transmission – A review of the Danish experience, part 1

High voltage AC underground cable systems for power transmission – A review of the Danish experience, part 1

Sequence Impedances of Land Single-Core Insulated Cables: Direct Formulae and Multiconductor Cell Analyses Compared with Measurements

CALAJOULE: An Italian Research to Lessen Joule Power Losses in Overhead Lines by Means of Innovative Conductors

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