Review of hydrogen-rich ironmaking technology in blast furnace

Chen, Yanbiao; Zuo, Haibin

doi:10.1080/03019233.2021.1909992

Cited by 83 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…The high heat utilization rate and production efficiency make the BF route the dominant ironmaking process globally [ 1 ]. About 70% of the hot metal used in producing crude steel comes from the BF route [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Coke is an indispensable burden in the blast furnace, and its performance shows a substantial impact on the ironmaking process [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of Characterization Methods for Metallurgical Coke Structures

Zheng

Zhang

et al. 2021

Materials

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The structure of coke affects its reactivity and strength, which directly influences its performance in the blast furnace. This review divides coke structures into chemical structure, physical structure, and optical texture according to their relevant characteristics. The focuses of this review are the current characterization methods and research status of the coke structures. The chemical structures (element composition and functional group) can be characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy (Raman), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging technology (13C NMR). The physical structures (pore structure and micro-crystallite structure) can be characterized by image method, X-ray CT imaging technique, mercury intrusion method, nitrogen gas adsorption method, X-ray diffraction method (XRD), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The optical textures are usually divided and counted by a polarizing microscope. In the end, this review provides an idea of the construction of a coke molecular structural model, based on the above characterization. With the coke model, the evolution principles of the coke can be calculated and simulated. Hence, the coke performance can be predicted and optimized.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of Characterization Methods for Metallurgical Coke Structures

Zheng

Zhang

et al. 2021

Materials

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“…The black line represents the theoretical differential pressure drop over the material, which can be calculated based on Eq. ∆p measured-bed ∆p calculated-bed (6) [18,20]. The red dashed line represents the differential pressure for only the material in the fluidized bed without the pressure drop of the grid.…”

Section: Determination Of the De-fluidized Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Already, different alternative steelmaking processes have been investigated under the European Ultra Low CO 2 Steelmaking (UL-COS) program [4][5]. One of the interesting topics is using hydrogen as a reducing agent instead of CO [6][7][8][9][10][11]. Hence no CO 2 will be generated during the reduction of iron oxides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluidization behavior and reduction kinetics of pre-oxidized magnetite-based iron ore in a hydrogen-induced fluidized bed

Zheng

Daghagheleh

Wolfinger³

et al. 2022

Int J Miner Metall Mater

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The influence of different pre-oxidation temperatures and pre-oxidation degrees on the reduction and fluidization behaviors of magnetite-based iron ore was investigated in a hydrogen-induced fluidized bed. The raw magnetite-based iron ore was pre-oxidized at 800 and 1000°C for a certain time to reach a partly oxidation and deeply oxidation state. The structure and morphology of the reduced particles were analyzed via optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The reaction kinetic mechanism was determined based on the double-logarithm analysis. The results indicate that the materials with higher oxidation temperature and wider particle size range show better fluidization behaviors. The lower oxidation temperature is more beneficial for the reduction rate, especially in the later reduction stage. The pre-oxidation degree shows no obvious influence on the fluidization and reduction behaviors. Based on the kinetic analysis, the reduction progress can be divided into three stages. The reduction mechanism was discussed combing the surface morphology and phase structure.

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“…1) One of these strategies which is considered to be achievable in the near future is hydrogen (green) injection into the blast furnace. [1][2][3][4] Injection of pure (green) hydrogen is considered advantageous as it can be generated on site (no geographical dependence as with natural gas) and does not disturb the integrated steelworks energy balance as with coke ovens gas. 5) The blast furnace process relies heavily on coke and auxiliary fuels for generation of heat and carbon monoxide reducing gas (from combustion).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Blast Furnace Operational Constraints in the Presence of Hydrogen Injection

Barrett¹,

Mitra²,

Doostmohammadi³

et al. 2022

ISIJ Int.

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Present day, the production of hot metal (HM) via the blast furnace route remains an integral part of the global steel industry. With global pressure to curb greenhouse gas emissions, injection of hydrogen is considered a promising solution while ironmaking transitions to alternate technologies. A comprehensive heat and mass balance model calibrated to an operating blast furnace was used to assess the operational limits of hydrogen injection through the tuyeres, replacing Pulverised Coal Injection (PCI). Constrained by a minimum top gas temperature and minimum Raceway Adiabatic Flame Temperature (RAFT), the maximum injection rate was determined to be 19.5 kg-H 2 /t-HM when replacing 37.4 kg-PCI/t-HM (i.e. a replacement ratio of 1.9 kg-PCI/kg-H 2 or 1.54 kg-C/kg-H 2 ). At the maximum hydrogen injection rate, the specific CO 2,eq emissions were seen to decrease by 8% in the top gas. In the case where the increased level of hydrogen increases stack reduction efficiency, the maximum hydrogen injection rate is decreased, while the replacement ratio is increased significantly. A maximum hydrogen injection rate of 14.3 kg-H 2 /t-HM with a replacement ratio of 4.5 kg-PCI/kg-H 2 was achieved when the stack reduction efficiency was 100%, with a CO 2,eq emission decrease of 14%. The optimal scenario for injection of hydrogen was determined to be maintaining a constant production rate, allowing the RAFT to decrease, and replacing PCI.

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Review of hydrogen-rich ironmaking technology in blast furnace

Cited by 83 publications

References 132 publications

A Comprehensive Review of Characterization Methods for Metallurgical Coke Structures

A Comprehensive Review of Characterization Methods for Metallurgical Coke Structures

Fluidization behavior and reduction kinetics of pre-oxidized magnetite-based iron ore in a hydrogen-induced fluidized bed

Assessment of Blast Furnace Operational Constraints in the Presence of Hydrogen Injection

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