Review of hydrogen safety during storage, transmission, and applications processes

Abohamzeh, Elham; Salehi, Fatemeh; Sheikholeslami, M.; Abbassi, Rouzbeh; Khan, Faisal

doi:10.1016/j.jlp.2021.104569

Cited by 247 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…Regarding concerns for the reliability of existing pipeline infrastructure in transporting hydrogen, another key issue that has attracted significant concern is the safety of the pipelines [65]. This section explores some safety concerns that can arise from adopting existing natural gas pipelines for hydrogen transportation via hydrogen and natural gas blending.…”

Section: Investigating Safety Concerns Of Hydrogen Transportation In Gas Pipelinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation into the Volumetric Flow Rate Requirement of Hydrogen Transportation in Existing Natural Gas Pipelines and Its Safety Implications

Abbas

Hassani

Burby

et al. 2021

Gases

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As an alternative to the construction of new infrastructure, repurposing existing natural gas pipelines for hydrogen transportation has been identified as a low-cost strategy for substituting natural gas with hydrogen in the wake of the energy transition. In line with that, a 342 km, 36″ natural gas pipeline was used in this study to simulate some technical implications of delivering the same amount of energy with different blends of natural gas and hydrogen, and with 100% hydrogen. Preliminary findings from the study confirmed that a three-fold increase in volumetric flow rate would be required of hydrogen to deliver an equivalent amount of energy as natural gas. The effects of flowing hydrogen at this rate in an existing natural gas pipeline on two flow parameters (the compressibility factor and the velocity gradient) which are crucial to the safety of the pipeline were investigated. The compressibility factor behaviour revealed the presence of a wide range of values as the proportions of hydrogen and natural gas in the blends changed, signifying disparate flow behaviours and consequent varying flow challenges. The velocity profiles showed that hydrogen can be transported in natural gas pipelines via blending with natural gas by up to 40% of hydrogen in the blend without exceeding the erosional velocity limits of the pipeline. However, when the proportion of hydrogen reached 60%, the erosional velocity limit was reached at 290 km, so that beyond this distance, the pipeline would be subject to internal erosion. The use of compressor stations was shown to be effective in remedying this challenge. This study provides more insights into the volumetric and safety considerations of adopting existing natural gas pipelines for the transportation of hydrogen and blends of hydrogen and natural gas.

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Section: Investigating Safety Concerns Of Hydrogen Transportation In Gas Pipelinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation into the Volumetric Flow Rate Requirement of Hydrogen Transportation in Existing Natural Gas Pipelines and Its Safety Implications

Abbas

Hassani

Burby

et al. 2021

Gases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Many researchers focus on these topics to solve these issues [94,95]. Finally, all the safety issues posed during generation, transport, and use of hydrogen are highly sophisticated topics [96][97][98][99]. Ultimately, the hydrogen topic is on its own a persisting challenge that impedes the change in terms of technology incredibly.…”

Section: Technological Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Technology towards the Solution of Environment-Friendly New Energy Vehicles

Peksen¹

2021

Energies

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The popularity of climate neutral new energy vehicles for reduced emissions and improved air quality has been raising great attention for many years. World-wide, a strong commitment continues to drive the demand for zero-emission through alternative energy sources and propulsion systems. Despite the fact that 71.27% of hydrogen is produced from natural gas, green hydrogen is a promising clean way to contribute to and maintain a climate neutral ecosystem. Thereby, reaching CO2 targets for 2030 and beyond requires cross-sectoral changes. However, the strong motivation of governments for climate neutrality is challenging many sectors. One of them is the transport sector, as it is challenged to find viable all-in solutions that satisfy social, economic, and sustainable requirements. Currently, the use of new energy vehicles operating on green sustainable hydrogen technologies, such as batteries or fuel cells, has been the focus for reducing the mobility induced emissions. In Europe, 50% of the total emissions result from mobility. The following article reviews the background, ongoing challenges and potentials of new energy vehicles towards the development of an environmentally friendly hydrogen economy. A change management process mindset has been adapted to discuss the key scientific and commercial challenges for a successful transition.

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“…Therefore, its security problem is attracting widespread attention. We can see numerous studies on Hydrogen safety, lithium-ion battery safety, and Photovoltaic safety (Yang et al, 2018;Ould Ely et al, 2019;Abohamzeh et al, 2021;Fang et al, 2021). However, few studies are reported in the literature for efficient flame detection in the case of fire accidents for renewable energy sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Scale Video Flame Detection for Early Fire Warning Based on Deep Learning

et al. 2022

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The widespread use of renewable energy resources requires more immediate and effective fire alarms as a preventive measure. The fire is usually weak in the initial stages, which is not conducive to detection and identification. This paper validates a solution to resolve that problem by a flame detection algorithm that is more sensitive to small flames. Based on Yolov3, the parallel convolution structure of Inception is used to obtain multi-size image information. In addition, the receptive field of the convolution kernel is increased with the dilated convolution so that each convolution output contains a range of information to avoid information omission of tiny flames. The model accuracy has improved by introducing a Feature Pyramid Network in the feature extraction stage that has enhanced the feature fusion capability of the model. At the same time, a flame detection database for early fire has been established, which contains more than 30 fire scenarios and is suitable for flame detection under various challenging scenes. Experiments validate the proposed method not only improves the performance of the original algorithm but are also advantageous in comparison with other state-of-the-art object detection networks, and its false positives rate reaches 1.2% in the test set.

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Review of hydrogen safety during storage, transmission, and applications processes

Cited by 247 publications

References 132 publications

An Investigation into the Volumetric Flow Rate Requirement of Hydrogen Transportation in Existing Natural Gas Pipelines and Its Safety Implications

An Investigation into the Volumetric Flow Rate Requirement of Hydrogen Transportation in Existing Natural Gas Pipelines and Its Safety Implications

Hydrogen Technology towards the Solution of Environment-Friendly New Energy Vehicles

Multi-Scale Video Flame Detection for Early Fire Warning Based on Deep Learning

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