Review ofNeocynortaRoewer, 1915 with two new generic synonymies (Opiliones: Gonyleptoidea: Cosmetidae)

Two new Colombian harvestmen of the genus <i>Vima</i> (Arachnida: Opiliones: Agoristenidae)

“…When describing Vima panita, the second known species of the genus, García and Kury (2020) In the context of neotropical harvestmen, numerous genera exhibit species concentrations in one or few biogeographical areas, contiguous or not, for example, Ocoita González-Sponga, 1987, Oligovonones Caporiacco, 1951, Neocynorta Roewer, 1915, Rhaucoides Roewer, 1912, Stygnoplus Simon, 1879(González-Sponga 2002, Medrano et al 2019, Villarreal et al 2021a, b, Medrano et al 2022.…”

Fine-tuning the diversity in four families of Gonyleptoidea (Arachnida: Opiliones) in Venezuela

“…This led them to describe specimens from each locality as new species. Examples of this are: Neocynorta venezuelensis (Roewer, 1915), described under 4 names by 3 authors independently (see Medrano et al, 2019); Phareicranaus curvipes (Roewer, 1916), described 5 times by 4 authors or Phareicranaus albilineatus, described 4 times by 2 authors (see González-Sponga, 2003;Pinto-da-Rocha and Bonaldo, 2011 and herein). 2) Short-range endemic (SRE) species, which display restricted geographic distributions, nominally less than 10,000 km 2 (Harvey, 2002), then appear to occur on almost every mountain top, island, or in almost every isolated patch of forest (Jay et al, 2016).…”

“…2) Short-range endemic (SRE) species, which display restricted geographic distributions, nominally less than 10,000 km 2 (Harvey, 2002), then appear to occur on almost every mountain top, island, or in almost every isolated patch of forest (Jay et al, 2016). The Venezuelan genus Neocynorta Roewer, 1915 recently reviewed by Medrano et al (2019) shows a pattern of several species (except for N. venezuelensis) occurring along a mountain chain, separated by a few tens of km from each other. A similar pattern was also found for the genus Eutimesius Roewer, 1913, with some SRE Andean species (except E. simoni Roewer, 1913 a widespread Amazonian species) and at least about 10 undescribed species from patches of Andean forest in both Colombia and Venezuela (Villarreal O., unpublished data) On the other hand, there is a recurring pattern of species distributed in the Venezuelan Bolívar state and in Guyana, generating thus a potential taxonomic trap only because national borders are crossed.…”

“…The few cosmetid genera studied in detail in a modern taxonomic context, until now, seems to show a short range distribution, associated to a greater or lesser degree with well defined biomes. This is particularly obvious in areas with marked environmental heterogeneity, such as the Andes (Neocynorta Roewer, 1915, in the Venezuelan Andean mountain forests; Rhaucus Simon, 1879, in Colombian northern páramo and Cordillera Oriental montane forests) (García & Kury, 2017;Medrano et al, 2019), and less noticeable in regions with more subtle environmental heterogeneity such as the Amazon region. (e.g., Taito Kury and Barros, 2014 and Ampycus Simon, 1879 in the Amazon forests of Brazil, Colombia, and Ecuador) (García, 2014;Kury & Barros, 2014).…”