Review of<i>Sangre de Drago</i>(<i>Croton lechleri</i>) - A South American Tree Sap in the Treatment of Diarrhea, Inflammation, Insect Bites, Viral Infections, and Wounds: Traditional Uses to Clinical Research

Jones, K. K.

doi:10.1089/107555303771952235

Cited by 90 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Extratos das espécies popularmente conhecidas como "sangue-de-drago" (Croton lechleri Müll. Arg., entre outras espécies relacionadas) têm sido utilizados por curandeiros "shaman" como remédios antidiarréicos em pacientes com AIDS (Jones 2003). O óleo extraído de Croton tiglium L. é um forte purgante usado no Velho Mundo.…”

Section: O Gênero Croton Lunclassified

Revisão taxonômica de Croton sect. Lamprocroton (Müll. Arg.) Pax (Euphorbiaceae s.s.)

Lima

Pirani

2008

Biota Neotrop.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:Croton is the second bigger and more diverse genus in the family Euphorbiaceae, with about 1,200 species distributed in 40 sections, occurring in all tropical areas, most of them in Americas. In South America, Brazil is the country in which a larger number of taxa are found, ca. 356. According to recent classification, the genus belongs to the tribe Crotoneae, and despite the wide and morphological diversity, it would be a monophyletic taxon. However, a phylogenetic analysis using markers of ITS region from nuclear ribosomal DNA, and of trnL-F from plastidial DNA, showed that Croton, like traditionally circumscribed, is not a monophyletic taxon. A taxonomic revision of Croton section Lamprocroton (Müll. Arg.) Pax is presented here. It is a Neotropical group with most of its species occurring from Southeast and South Brazil to southern South America (Uruguay and Argentina). Morphologically, the members of Lamprocroton are characterized as monoecious or dioecious shrubs or subshrubs, with a lepidote indumentum at least in part of foliage, entire leaves with no glands. The staminate flowers have 9 to 16 stamens and the pistillate flowers may have equal or unequal sepals, reduced to absent petals, and styles once or twice bifid. Overall, are recognized 26 species in the group, three of them new to the science. Identification key, morphological descriptions, illustrations, phenological period, as well as data on geographic distribution and general comments of each species are presented. Four taxa were excluded from C. sect. Lamprocroton because they do not show the morphological features that are diagnostics of the section. Four species that are poorly known were not included in the taxonomic treatment. Resumo: O gênero Croton L. é o segundo maior e mais diverso da família Euphorbiaceae, possuindo cerca de 1.200 espécies, agrupadas em 40 seções, com distribuição pantropical, das quais a maioria ocorre nas Américas. Na América o Sul, o Brasil é o país que congrega o maior número de espécies, aproximadamente 356. De acordo com a mais recente classificação, o gênero pertence à tribo Crotoneae e, apesar do grande número de espécies e da grande diversidade morfológica, seria um táxon monofilético. Entretanto, uma análise filogenética recente, que utilizou dados moleculares das regiões ITS, do DNA nuclear ribossômico, e do fragmento trnL-F, do DNA plastidial, demonstrou que Croton, como tradicionalmente circunscrito, não é um táxon monofilético. Neste trabalho, é apresentada uma revisão taxonômica de Croton sect. Lamprocroton (Müll. Arg.) Pax. Trata-se de um grupo neotropical com a maioria das espécies ocorrendo nas regiões Sudeste e Sul do Brasil e sul da América do Sul. Seus representantes caracterizam-se por ser plantas arbustivas ou subarbustivas, monóicas ou dióicas, com indumento lepidoto presente em pelo menos parte da folhagem e folhas inteiras e sem glândulas. As flores estaminadas possuem androceu composto por 9 a 16 estames e as flores pistiladas apresentam sépalas iguais ou desiguais no tamanho, pétala...

show abstract

Section: O Gênero Croton Lunclassified

Revisão taxonômica de Croton sect. Lamprocroton (Müll. Arg.) Pax (Euphorbiaceae s.s.)

Lima

Pirani

2008

Biota Neotrop.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…10 These include procyanidins sourced from grape seeds 11,12 and medicinal plant preparations such as Cat's Claw 13 and sangre de grago (Dragon's Blood) 14 from the South American rainforests. Plant-sourced agents as potential treatments for mucositis have been studied previously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The herbal extract Iberogast® improves jejunal integrity in rats with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced mucositis

Wright¹,

Yazbeck²,

Lymn³

et al. 2009

Cancer Biology & Therapy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is an acute need for the development of effective therapies for mucositis, a debilitating side effect of cancer chemotherapy. Iberogast ® is a herbal extract reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties. We investigated Iberogast ® for its potential to reduce the severity of 5-Fluorouracil (FU)-induced mucositis in rats. Rats were allocated to three treatment groups (n = 8) and gavaged daily with a 10% solution of Iberogast ® or water from day 0 to day 8. Rats were injected intraperitoneally with 5-FU (150 mg/kg) or saline on day 6, and killed after 72 h. In vivo and in vitro sucrase activity was assessed by 13 C-sucrose breath test (SBT) and sucrase assay respectively. Intestinal disease severity was determined by histological assessment of villus height and crypt depth. Significant increases in villus height (277 ± 9 μm) and crypt depth (67 ± 3 μm) were observed in 5-FU + Iberogast ® -treated rats compared with 5-FU + Water (224 ± 13 μm and 48 ± 2 μm respectively; p < 0.05). Sucrase activity was significantly reduced in all 5-FU groups compared to control. Significant reductions in SBT and sucrase activity were observed in all 5-FU groups compared with Saline + Water controls (p < 0.05). We conclude that although Iberogast ® partially improved the histopathological features of 5-FU induced mucositis, it conferred no significant protection as indicated by the assessed endpoints.

show abstract

“…In fact, a 2000 survey found that 57% of a randomly interviewed sample of Peruvians admitted to using sangre de drago for the treatment of diarrhea. 7 In the past, the classical method of natural product screening consisted of previously established taxonomic findings and immunopharmacologic studies, as well as hundreds of random screenings. Utilization of the practice of ethnobotany -the study of the relationship between humans and plants -is increasingly common.…”

Section: Botanicals As Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, the process of slowly and consistently tapping a living tree is associated with increased susceptibility of the tree to fungal infections and an overall high rate of tree death. 7 As a result, the preferred method of gathering latex for industrial production is by cutting down the tree, in which case the latex is extracted much faster. 7 The result has been near-endangerment of the tree.…”

Section: Botanicals As Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profile of crofelemer for the symptomatic treatment of diarrhea in HIV-infected persons

Leonard¹,

Chordia²,

MacArthur³

2015

BTAT

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Diarrhea due to noninfectious causes is a major problem in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons, and is frequently related to antiretroviral therapy and HIV-associated enteropathy. Crofelemer is a first-in-class antidiarrheal agent that is United States Food and Drug Administration approved for noninfectious diarrhea in persons with HIV on antiretroviral therapy. Crofelemer is derived from the blood-red sap of Croton lechleri, a South American plant whose latex is associated with various healing attributes. In fact, it has a unique effect on chloride channels in the gastrointestinal lumen, and leads to decreased efflux of sodium molecules and water, thereby decreasing the frequency of stools. Crofelemer -a plant-based compound, discovered and investigated as the result of the increased prevalence of ethnobotany -is a novel and effective agent with a good safety profile. It could potentially improve the quality of life for HIV-infected patients and hopefully, in turn, will improve antiretroviral therapy compliance.

show abstract

Review ofSangre de Drago(Croton lechleri) - A South American Tree Sap in the Treatment of Diarrhea, Inflammation, Insect Bites, Viral Infections, and Wounds: Traditional Uses to Clinical Research

Cited by 90 publications

References 41 publications

Revisão taxonômica de Croton sect. Lamprocroton (Müll. Arg.) Pax (Euphorbiaceae s.s.)

Revisão taxonômica de Croton sect. Lamprocroton (Müll. Arg.) Pax (Euphorbiaceae s.s.)

The herbal extract Iberogast® improves jejunal integrity in rats with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced mucositis

Profile of crofelemer for the symptomatic treatment of diarrhea in HIV-infected persons

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About