Review of Infant Feeding: Key Features of Breast Milk and Infant Formula

Martin, Camilia R.; Ling, Pei-Ra; Blackburn, George L.

doi:10.3390/nu8050279

Cited by 726 publications

(651 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Another alluring finding is that COS supplementation increased the lactose content in milk. Thus, the improvements in milk lactose secretion may confer an advantage to the nursing piglet because of the greater amount of energy provided by the milk (Martin et al 2016). Overall, supplementation of the sow diet with COS during late gestation and lactation could increase the output of breast milk nutrients, thereby contributing, at least partially, to a greater litter growth performance during lactation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal chitosan oligosaccharide supplementation during late gestation and lactation affects offspring growth

Wan

2018

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), a natural compound derived from chitin, has growth promotion property. However, the nature of the relationship between maternal COS supplementation and offspring growth is not yet understood. Therefore, we intended to determine the effects of maternal COS supplementation in late gestation and lactation on the offspring growth performance. Twenty-four pregnant Yorkshire sows were distributed into two equal groups (n ¼ 12) and fed either with a basal diet (control group) or a basal diet containing 100 mg/kg COS, from gestation day 85 until lactation day 21. Serum samples were collected from six sows of average body weight, from each group on farrowing day (lactation day 1) and lactation day 21, whereas colostrum and milk samples were respectively obtained on lactation days 1 and 21. We found that maternal COS supplementation significantly increased (p < .05) the average piglet weaning weight per litter. Supplementation of COS in the sow diet elevated (p < .05) the serum interleukin-10, immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgM concentrations, as well as total antioxidant capacity. Moreover, higher (p < .05) colostrum IgM and milk lactose contents were simultaneously observed in COS-treated sows compared to the control sows. In summary, COS supplementation during late gestation and lactation can boost antioxidant capacity and humoural immunity of sows, and contributes to improving colostrum and milk quality, ultimately, enhancing the offspring growth performance. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal chitosan oligosaccharide supplementation during late gestation and lactation affects offspring growth

Wan

2018

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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Section: Ama-esnea Gizadiaren Bermeaunclassified

“…Gaur egun, zientziari eta teknologiari esker, amaesnearen antzeko konposizioa duen esne-hautsa edo eratorriak ekoizten dira [31][32][33]. Hala ere, horiek ez dituzte ama-esnearen ezaugarri berberak [20,31]. Hortik, Osasunaren Munduko Erakundearen gomendioak [34]: kasu mediku batzuetan salbu, ama guztiek gutxienez oritza eman behar liekete haurrei.…”

Section: Ama-esnea Gizadiaren Bermeaunclassified

Ama-esnea, gizadiaren bermea

Erdozain¹

2017

EKAIA

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Laburpena: Gizarte guztietan eta mendeetan zehar mantendu izan den edoskitzeak gizadiaren biziraupena ziurtatu du. Gaur egun ere, emakume gehienek haien seme-alabei haien ugatzek ekoiztutako ama-esnea eskaintzen jarraitzen dute. Umea titi aurrean jartzea bezain sinplea dirudien praktika hau, hala ere, amaren gorputzean ematen den mekanismo konplexu eta oso fin batek bermatua dago. Testu honetan edoskitzearen fisiologia aztertuko dugu: nola ekoizten da esnea amaren ugatzean? Zein osagai ditu? Zerk eragiten du esnea bularretik irtenaraztea? Garunak ba al du zeresanik prozesu horretan? Eta behin prozesu honen fisiologia eta erregulazio konplexua azalduta, iritzi-artikulu honetan ama-esne honen onurak defendatuko dira, norbere haurrarentzat egokiena den elikagaia dela argudiatuz, eta Osasunaren Mundu Erakundearen gomendioetan oinarrituz.Hitz gakoak: ama-esnea, edoskitzea, ugatzak, prolaktina, oxitozina, antigorputzak.Abstract: Breastfeeding has been maintained over the centuries in all societies and has ensured the survival of mankind. Even today, the majority of women continue to feed their children with their breast milk. This practice seems to be as simple as placing the child in front of the breast, however, it is guaranteed by a very complex and fine mechanism occurring in the mother's body. In this text we will first explain the physiology of breastfeeding: how is breast milk produced? What components does it have? What makes breast milk to come out? Does brain have a roll in this process? And next, the benefits of this breastfeeding will be defended, arguing maternal milk is the most suitable feeding for children, in accordance to World Health Organisation recommendations.

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“…Extensive evidence has shown mother's milk contains a variety of bioactive agents that modify the function of the gastrointestinal tract and the immune system, as well as in brain development. 1 The safety and quality of infant milk, whether it is breast milk (BM) or infant formula (IF), are a major concern for parents and public health authorities. 2 The World Health Organization recommends that infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first six month of life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 The World Health Organization recommends that infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first six month of life. 1 Nowadays Infant formula is intended as an effective substitute for infant feeding. Although production of an identical product to breast milk is not feasible, thousands of efforts have been taken to mimic the nutritional values of human milk for normal infant growth and development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge about the relation between child growth and formula prepartion at home among mothers

Braikan

Marjan

Qurashi

2017

Int J Contemp Pediatr

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Background: Human breast milk is considered to be the best source of infant nutrition. Extensive evidence has shown mother’s milk contains a variety of bioactive agents that modify the function of the gastrointestinal tract and the immune system, as well as in brain development. Objective of the study was to evaluate the level of knowledge about the child growth and formula preparation, to assess the knowledge of the relation between failure of preparation peoper formula and child growth complication.Methods: This will be a community base cross section study collected from an online survey tool. The survey was distributed electronically through the SurveyMonkey.com website to all mothers age between (18 to 40) from June 1st, 2016 to July 1st, 2016. The criteria of the survey, to be collected from Mothers age between (18 to 40). Results: In the study of knowledge about the child growth and formula preparation among mothers, we found only 20% of our targeted group learned the way of preparation from the pediatrician which indicates the requirements of more efforts from the side of health care physician. 50% of those who answered: “yes, we applied certain changes over the formula “the reason behind what they did was to help their children to gain more weight. In regard of over concentration of milk we asked about the way of preparation. The highest result was definitely wrong with answer: “I press over the scoop more than once, then adding it to the water 39.19%.Conclusions: On the other hand we found a great acknowledgment when we asked about child’s positioning during feeding. The majority said: “my child is always lying on his back, with my hand supporting his head” with percentage close to 82.22%.

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Review of Infant Feeding: Key Features of Breast Milk and Infant Formula

Cited by 726 publications

References 53 publications

Maternal chitosan oligosaccharide supplementation during late gestation and lactation affects offspring growth

Maternal chitosan oligosaccharide supplementation during late gestation and lactation affects offspring growth

Ama-esnea, gizadiaren bermea

Knowledge about the relation between child growth and formula prepartion at home among mothers

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