Review of instrumented indentation

Abstract

Instrumented indentation, also known as depth-sensing indentation or nanoindentation, is increasingly being used to probe the mechanical response of materials from metals and ceramics to polymeric and biological materials. The additional levels of control, sensitivity, and data acquisition offered by instrumented indentation systems have resulted in numerous advances in materials science, particularly regarding fundamental mechanisms of mechanical behavior at micrometer and even sub-micrometer length scales. Continued improvements of instrumented indentation testing towards absolute quantification of a wide range of material properties and behavior will require advances in instrument calibration, measurement protocols, and analysis tools and techniques. In this paper, an overview of instrumented indentation is given with regard to current instrument technology and analysis methods. Research efforts at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) aimed at improving the related measurement science are discussed.

General relationship between contact stiffness, contact depth, and mechanical properties for indentation in linear viscoelastic solids using axisymmetric indenters of arbitrary profiles

“…[10][11][12][13][14][15][16] One of the widely used approaches is to obtain the elastic modulus from the initial unloading slope ͑Fig. 1͒, dF / dh, using the well-known relationship, [17][18][19][20][21] …”

“…1͒ is often observed in the unloading curve when the unloading rate is slow for load-controlled indentation in viscoelastic solids. 20,21 As a result, a nonphysical, negative Young's modulus is predicted according to Eq. ͑1͒.…”

Indentation instrumentée multi-échelles appliquée à l’étude des matériaux massifs métalliques

“…L'essai d'indentation instrumentée aété largement utilisé etétudié en raison de la facilité qu'il procure pour estimer les propriétés mécaniques des matériauxà partir de la courbe force-déplacement sur de petits volumes de matière [1,2]. Les principales propriétés qu'il permet d'obtenir sont le module de Young et la dureté, mais le dépendra du volume plastifié sous l'indenteur [8].…”

The Use of Instrumental Hardness Measurements in Determining Stresses in the Elastic Elements of a Manipulator for Servicing Water and Sewage Networks

“…An important issue seems to be determining the level of residual stresses in relation to the ultimate strength of the material. To determine them the measurement of instrumental micro-hardness was used, described inter alia in papers [1,2] and its use for determining the residual strain in the material [3] and based on Oliver-Pharr model [4,5]. Numerical simulations of the phenomenon were performed using the FEM (finite element method), the results were verified experimentally by measuring the instrumental micro-hardness of the material before cold shaping and after it.…”