Review of Interface Modification Based on 2D Nanomaterials for Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensors

Abstract

Surface plasmon resonance biosensors are drawing attention due to their real-time, label-free, and rapid characteristic. To detect trace biomarkers (ct-DNA, mi-RNA, PD-L1), plasmonic and metal oxide nanoparticles have been utilized for signal amplification and have shown exciting results. To achieve uniform, reproducible, simple, and sensitive sensor interface construction, two-dimensional materials such as graphene and molybdenum sulfide have opened a research upsurge and show a great possibility in the surface plasmon resonance biosensing field due to their unique large specific surface area, excellent in-plane electron transport effect, and singular optical properties. Here, we provide an overview of the recent research progress on two-dimensional materials in the field of surface plasmon resonance biosensors, including the optoelectronic properties of two-dimensional materials, sensitivity enhancement mechanism, and interface construction. Finally, the challenges and development directions of detection sensitivity enhancement are summarized and prospected. Our work will provide a useful platform to expand the further application of two-dimensional materials in surface plasmon resonance biosensors.

Research Progress of Resonance Optical Fiber Sensors Modified by Low‐Dimensional Materials

“…Different from 0D and 1D materials, which have special monomer shape in micro, 2D materials are mainly used in the form of coating and stacking into layers. [203][204][205][206][207][208][209] Therefore, the following will focus on the design of sensing layer structure used with different 2D materials, rather than the microstructure of 2D materials themselves.…”

Recent Progress in Functional-Nucleic-Acid-Based Fluorescent Fiber-Optic Evanescent Wave Biosensors

“…Please note that this review does not include SPR- or silicon-photonic-based FOEW biosensors. In those biosensors, the detection of targets is achieved by measuring the refractive index changes, instead of fluorescence intensity changes [ 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”

LSPR of Nanoparticles Inside Strong Absorbent Medium

“…Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) has become a major research topic in the field of optical biosensors and has led to many fundamental research and applications for new optical devices based on surface plasmon polaritons. − SPR is a collective oscillation of free electrons in a metal when optical and electromagnetic waves are coupled and propagate along the interface between the metal and a dielectric. In the metal–dielectric interface, the attenuated total reflection (ATR) induces the evanescent wave, which is one of the conventional methods of SPR excitation. − The evanescent wave is generated when the p-polarized light (TM mode) enters at an angle greater than the critical ATR angle (θ 0 > θ c ) in the metal–dielectric interface.…”