Review of issues concerning the use of reproductive inhibitors, with particular emphasis on resolving human‐wildlife conflicts in North America

Fagerstone, Kathleen A.; Miller, Lowell A.; Killian, Gary J.; Yoder, Christi A.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-4877.2010.00185.x

Cited by 91 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Examples include an injectable GnRH-toxin conjugate that suppressed the secretion of LH for up to 6 months in female mule deer (Baker et al 1999) and an injectable GnRH-cytotoxin (pokeweed antiviral protein, PAP) conjugate that disrupted reproduction in adult male dogs, female rats (Rattus norvegicus) and sheep (Ovis aries) for at least 6 months (Nett et al 2003;Ball et al 2006). The cholesterol mimic DiazaCon can affect reproduction in birds and mammals because it inhibits production of cholesterol, which is a parent compound of male and female reproductive steroids (Fagerstone et al 2010). Following ingestion of DiazaCon for 1-2 weeks, reproduction was suppressed for a few months in black-tailed prairie dogs, roseringed parakeets (Psittacula krameri) and monk parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus) (Nash et al 2007;Yoder et al 2007Yoder et al , 2011Avery et al 2008;Lambert et al 2010).…”

Section: Other Contraceptivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This growing antipathy toward lethal methods places increasing constraints on wildlife management options, particularly for high-profile, iconic species (Barr et al 2002;Poiani et al 2002;Druce et al 2011). Consequently, there has been growing interest in non-lethal methods such as translocation and fertility control (Duka and Masters 2005;Barfield et al 2006;Fagerstone et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the exception of the overview by Fagerstone et al (2010) on issues concerning the use of reproductive inhibitors for wildlife in North America, these reviews have focussed on specific groups such as zoo species and companion animals (Asa and Porton 2005;Munson 2006;Purswell and Kolster 2006;Levy 2011;Massei and Miller 2013), on particular compounds such as immunocontraceptives (Cooper and Larsen 2006;Kirkpatrick et al 2011), on selected species such as brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) (Ji 2009;Cross et al 2011) or on groups of species such as ungulates (Patton et al 2007). Here, we provide a comprehensive, critical overview of fertility control to mitigate human-wildlife conflicts, with the following aims:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fertility control to mitigate human–wildlife conflicts: a review

2014

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Abstract. As human populations grow, conflicts with wildlife increase. Concurrently, concerns about the welfare, safety and environmental impacts of conventional lethal methods of wildlife management restrict the options available for conflict mitigation. In parallel, there is increasing interest in using fertility control to manage wildlife. The present review aimed at analysing trends in research on fertility control for wildlife, illustrating developments in fertility-control technologies and delivery methods of fertility-control agents, summarising the conclusions of empirical and theoretical studies of fertility control applied at the population level and offering criteria to guide decisions regarding the suitability of fertility control to mitigate human-wildlife conflicts. The review highlighted a growing interest in fertility control for wildlife, underpinned by increasing numbers of scientific studies. Most current practical applications of fertility control for wild mammals use injectable single-dose immunocontraceptive vaccines mainly aimed at sterilising females, although many of these vaccines are not yet commercially available. One oral avian contraceptive, nicarbazin, is commercially available in some countries. Potential new methods of remote contraceptive delivery include bacterial ghosts, virus-like particles and genetically modified transmissible and non-transmissible organisms, although none of these have yet progressed to field testing. In parallel, new species-specific delivery systems have been developed. The results of population-level studies of fertility control indicated that this approach may increase survival and affect social and spatial behaviour of treated animals, although the effects are species-and context-specific. The present studies suggested that a substantial initial effort is generally required to reduce population growth if fertility control is the sole wildlife management method. However, several empirical and field studies have demonstrated that fertility control, particularly of isolated populations, can be successfully used to limit population growth and reduce human-wildlife conflicts. In parallel, there is growing recognition of the possible synergy between fertility control and disease vaccination to optimise the maintenance of herd immunity in the management of wildlife diseases. The review provides a decision tree that can be used to determine whether fertility control should be employed to resolve specific human-wildlife conflicts. These criteria encompass public consultation, considerations about animal welfare and feasibility, evaluation of population responses, costs and sustainability.

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Section: Other Contraceptivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fertility control to mitigate human–wildlife conflicts: a review

2014

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“…Gonacon TM is very effective in inducing contraception after a single injection in many different mammals although the effects are generally more consistent in females than males [2,3,24,38]. In our trials in male Balb/c mice, a single injection of Gonacon TM induced anti-GnRH immune responses and gonadal atrophy in some, but not all of the mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…E-mail address: Lyn.Hinds@csiro.au (L.A. Hinds). [2][3][4][5], and GnRH neutralisation has been reported as a treatment for hormone dependent malignancies such as prostate cancer [6]. One of the major challenges in developing and formulating an effective contraceptive vaccine is achieving strong systemic immunity against the selected reproductive antigen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parenteral administration of GnRH constructs and adjuvants: Immune responses and effects on reproductive tissues of male mice

Sharma

McDonald

Miller³

et al. 2014

Vaccine

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a b s t r a c tTwo gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) constructs prepared by either chemical conjugation to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (GnRH-KLH) or as an expressed recombinant fusion protein (Multimer) were evaluated with or without adjuvants (immunostimulating complexes, ISCOMs, or cytosine-phosphateguanosine oligodeoxynucleotides, CpG ODNs). After subcutaneous administration to Balb/c male mice at Weeks 0, 2 and 4, these preparations were assessed for induction of immune responses and effects on reproductive organs. GnRH-KLH plus ISCOMs formulation induced strong IgG immune responses from Week 4 through Week 12 resulting in consistent reproductive organ atrophy by Week 12 after subcutaneous administration. GnRH-KLH plus CpG ODNs generated immune responses but no atrophy of reproductive tissues by Week 12. Multimer plus ISCOMs induced poor immune responses and no effects on reproductive tissues by Week 12. In the absence of additional adjuvant, none of the GnRH constructs induced reproductive organ atrophy. GnRH-KLH induced stronger immune responses when formulated with ISCOMs or CpG ODN compared to Multimer. GnRH-KLH with ISCOMs could be an effective colloidal alternative for emulsion GnRH vaccine formulations.

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Overabundance of Black‐Tailed Deer in Urbanized Coastal California

et al. 2020

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Abundance of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in western North America is often considered lower than desirable for hunting. Some coastal populations of Columbian black‐tailed deer (O. h. columbianus) in California, USA, near urban development, however, are perceived as a nuisance and may be overabundant. To determine the density of a potential nuisance population in Marin County, California, we used a combination of fecal DNA surveys, camera stations, and 2 sources of ancillary data on wildlife observations. We estimated an average density of 18.3 deer/km2 (90% CI = 15.8–20.7) throughout Marin County during late summer and early fall, 2015 and 2016. Within the county, areas with intermediate human density (885 people/km2, 90% CI = 125–1,646) were associated with the highest deer densities (25–44/km2). Our estimate of average deer density was 1.7–6.1 times higher than published density estimates for deer from elsewhere in California and on the low end of densities reported for mule and white‐tailed (O. virginianus) deer in regions where they routinely cause a nuisance to humans. High black‐tailed deer densities in Marin County may be partially attributed to a paucity of large predators, but more investigation is warranted to evaluate the effects of a recent increase in coyotes (Canis latrans) on the deer population. Analyses of highway road kill rates and citizen science surveys suggest that the deer population in Marin County has been stable over the past 10 years. Our results demonstrate how robust estimation of deer density can inform human–wildlife conflict issues, not just managed hunting. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Wildlife Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Wildlife Society.

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Review of issues concerning the use of reproductive inhibitors, with particular emphasis on resolving human‐wildlife conflicts in North America

Cited by 91 publications

References 73 publications

Fertility control to mitigate human–wildlife conflicts: a review

Fertility control to mitigate human–wildlife conflicts: a review

Parenteral administration of GnRH constructs and adjuvants: Immune responses and effects on reproductive tissues of male mice

Overabundance of Black‐Tailed Deer in Urbanized Coastal California

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