“…The label of e´tats seconds was re-introduced by World War I physicians, including Maurice Dide (1918) and Germain Peretti, as indicated by the title of his medical thesis, Re´flections sur les e´tats seconds apre`s les batailles (1920). In their focus on traumatized soldiers, these authors emphasized that the secondary states were usually the condition in which these patients re-experienced their traumas.…”