Review of Low-Frequency Noise Properties of High-Power White LEDs during Long-Term Aging

Abstract

Low-frequency noise investigation is a highly sensitive and very informative method for characterization of white nitride-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as well as for the evaluation of their degradation. We present a review of quality and reliability investigations of high-power (1 W and 3 W) white light-emitting diodes during long-term aging at the maximum permissible forward current at room temperature. The research was centered on the investigation of blue InGaN and AlInGaN quantum wells (QWs) LEDs covered by a YAG:Ce3+ phosphor layer for white light emission. The current-voltage, light output power, and low-frequency noise characteristics were measured. A broadband silicon photodetector and two-color (blue and red) selective silicon photodetectors were used for the LED output power detection, which makes it possible to separate physical processes related to the initial blue light radiation and the phosphor luminescence. Particular attention was paid to the measurement and interpretation of the simultaneous cross-correlation coefficient between electrical and optical fluctuations. The presented method enables to determine which part of fluctuations originates in the quantum well layer of the LED. The technique using the two-color selective photodetector enables investigation of changes in the noise properties of the main blue light source and the phosphor layer during the long-term aging.

Optical and electrical noise in RGB LEDs in the mHz to kHz frequency band

“…In semiconductors, including light-emitting diodes, four main types of noise can be identified: thermal (Johnson-Nyquist), shot (Poisson), generation-recombination (GR), and pink (or flicker noise, or 1/f ) noise. 3 Thermal noise is caused by the equilibrium thermal motion, and random and independent events of charge carriers crossing a potential barrier lead to the occurrence of shot noise. Both thermal and shot noise are characterized by a white spectrum, meaning they do not depend on frequency.…”