Review of Mechanisms and Treatment of Cancer-Induced Cardiac Cachexia

Vudatha, Vignesh; Devarakonda, Teja; Liu, Christopher; Freudenberger, Devon C.; Riner, Andrea N.; Herremans, Kelly M.; Treviño, José G.

doi:10.3390/cells11061040

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Thus, pancreatobiliary adenocarcinomas may trigger cachexia in the cancer patients by the same mechanism, as what MiaPaCa‐2 cells did in the nude mice 19,20 . Now, cancer cachexia is still treated with palliative measures 3,37,38 . The present results indicate that the Warburg effect is a target in the fight against cancer cachexia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

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The Warburg effect drives cachectic states in patients with pancreatobiliary adenocarcinoma

Zhang

Sui

et al. 2023

The FASEB Journal

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We have studied whether the Warburg effect (uncontrolled glycolysis) in pancreatobiliary adenocarcinoma triggers cachexia in the patient. After 74 pancreatobiliary adenocarcinomas were removed by surgery, their glucose transporter‐1 and four glycolytic enzymes were quantified using Western blotting. Based on the resulting data, the adenocarcinomas were equally divided into a group of low glycolysis (LG) and a group of high glycolysis (HG). Energy homeostasis was assessed in these cancer patients and in 74 non‐cancer controls, using serum albumin and C‐reactive protein and morphometrical analysis of abdominal skeletal muscle and fat on computed tomography scans. Some removed adenocarcinomas were transplanted in nude mice to see their impacts on host energy homeostasis. Separately, nude mice carrying tumor grafts of MiaPaCa‐2 pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells were treated with the glycolytic inhibitor 3‐bromopyruvate and with emodin that inhibited glycolysis by decreasing hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α. Adenocarcinomas in both group LG and group HG impaired energy homeostasis in the cancer patients, compared to the non‐cancer reference. The impaired energy homeostasis induced by the adenocarcinomas in group HG was more pronounced than that by the adenocarcinomas in group LG. When original adenocarcinomas were grown in nude mice, their glycolytic abilities determined the levels of hepatic gluconeogenesis, skeletal muscle proteolysis, adipose‐tissue lipolysis, and weight loss in the mice. When MiaPaCa‐2 cells were grown as tumors in nude mice, 3‐bromopyruvate and emodin decreased tumor‐induced glycolysis and cachexia, with the best effects being seen when the drugs were administered in combination. In conclusion, the Warburg effect in pancreatobiliary adenocarcinoma triggers cancer cachexia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…19,20 Now, cancer cachexia is still treated with measures. 3,37,38 The present results indicate that the Warburg effect is a target in the fight against cancer cachexia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

The Warburg effect drives cachectic states in patients with pancreatobiliary adenocarcinoma

Zhang

Sui

et al. 2023

The FASEB Journal

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“…Despite known risk factors and hallmark signs, there are still no clear diagnostic criteria or treatment options for cancer‐induced cardiac cachexia. However, multimodal studies, implementing combinations of pharmacological and non‐pharmacological interventions, have shown promising results in reducing or slowing the development of this disease 5,16,17 …”

Section: Cancer‐induced Cardiac Cachexiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include altered cardiac metabolism via inflammation induced by an increase in pro‐inflammatory cytokines, such as TNFα, IL‐1β, and IL‐6, and a decrease in anti‐inflammatory markers, such as IL‐10. The elevated release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines promotes the process of cachexia by regulating the major pathways involved in muscle wasting 2,3,6,11,15,17 . IL‐6 and TNFα are two of the primary mediators of general cardiac cachexia by suppressing protein synthesis and promoting increased energy expenditure via upregulation of inflammatory processes 47,48 …”

Section: Cancer‐induced Cardiac Cachexiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The pathophysiology of cancer‐mediated cardiac cachexia and novel treatment strategies: A narrative review

Tichy,

Parry

2023

Cancer Medicine

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SignificanceTwo of the leading causes of death worldwide are cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Most cancer patients suffer from a metabolic wasting syndrome known as cancer‐induced cardiac cachexia, resulting in death in up to 30% of cancer patients. Main symptoms of this disease are severe cardiac muscle wasting, cardiac remodeling, and cardiac dysfunction. Metabolic alterations, increased inflammation, and imbalance of protein homeostasis contribute to the progression of this multifactorial syndrome, ultimately resulting in heart failure and death. Cancer‐induced cardiac cachexia is associated with decreased quality of life, increased fatiguability, and decreased tolerance to therapeutic interventions.Recent advancesWhile molecular mechanisms of this disease are not fully understood, researchers have identified different stages of progression of this disease, as well as potential biomarkers to detect and monitor the development. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown positive results when implementing certain pharmacological and non‐pharmacological therapy interventions.Critical issuesThere are still no clear diagnostic criteria for cancer‐mediated cardiac cachexia and the condition remains untreated, leaving cancer patients with irreversible effects of this syndrome. While traditional cardiovascular therapy interventions, such as beta‐blockers, have shown some positive results in preclinical and clinical research studies, recent preclinical studies have shown more successful results with certain non‐traditional treatment options that have not been further evaluated yet. There is still no clinical standard of care or approved FDA drug to aid in the prevention or treatment of cancer‐induced cardiac cachexia. This review aims to revisit the still not fully understood pathophysiological mechanisms of cancer‐induced cardiac cachexia and explore recent studies using novel treatment strategies.Future directionsWhile research has progressed, further investigations might provide novel diagnostic techniques, potential biomarkers to monitor the progression of the disease, as well as viable pharmacological and non‐pharmacological treatment options to increase quality of life and reduce cancer‐induced cardiac cachexia‐related mortality.

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“…Masa ciała ponad połowy respondentów zmniejszyła się po zdiagnozowaniu choroby nowotworowej, natomiast u niespełna 9% nastąpił przyrost masy ciała, jednakże w badaniu własnym nie uwzględniono rodzaju stosowanego leczenia oraz przyjmowanych leków, które mogą mieć wpływ na zmiany masy ciała. Eksperci są zgodni, że niezamierzona utrata masy ciała stanowi ważny czynnik pogarszający rokowanie chorych z nowotworami złośliwymi, a także może prowadzić do rozwoju kacheksji i/lub sarkopenii [31][32][33][34][35]. D.S.M.…”

Section: Wynikiunclassified

Awareness of the relationship between chemopreventive behaviours and occurrence of cancer in patients with selected types of cancer.

Piecuch¹,

Dakowska²,

Garbicz³

et al. 2022

Med Srod.

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Wprowadzenie i cel pracy. Nowotwory złośliwe są drugąpo chorobach układu sercowo-naczyniowego -przyczyną zgonów w Polsce. Liczba zachorowań na nowotwory będzie systematycznie wzrastać z powodu zwiększonego narażenia na czynniki ryzyka związane ze stylem życia oraz starzeniem się społeczeństwa. Narodowy Program Zwalczania Chorób Nowotworowych na lata 2016-2024 zakłada, że profilaktyka i promocja zdrowia są priorytetem każdego planu nowotworowego. Chemoprewencja to zapobieganie powstawaniu nowotworów poprzez stosowanie substancji hamujących lub spowalniających kancerogenezę. Celem pracy jest ocena świadomości związku zachowań chemoprewencyjnych z wystąpieniem choroby nowotworowej wśród pacjentów chorych na wybrane typy nowotworów. Materiał i metody. Badanie przeprowadzono na Oddziale Radioterapii Katowickiego Centrum Onkologii. Objęto nim 60 osób. Narzędziem badawczym był autorski kwestionariusz ankiety. Zgromadzone dane poddano analizie statystycznej w programach Microsoft Excel 2013 oraz Statistica 12. Wyniki. Ponad połowa respondentów uważa styl życia za czynnik mający największy wpływ na stan zdrowia człowieka. Codziennie zielone warzywa spożywa 33,3% ankietowanych, natomiast 5,0% chorych nie jada ich w ogóle. 50,0% pacjentów deklaruje codzienne spożycie czerwonych warzyw. Ponad połowa (55,0%) pacjentów nie spożywa zielonej herbaty lub pije ją okazjonalnie, natomiast 23,3% chorych spożywa ten napój codziennie. Wnioski. Deklarowana przez respondentów niewielka częstość spożycia produktów o właściwościach chemoprewencyjnych pozwala stwierdzić, że świadomość w zakresie chemoprewencji jest niewystarczająca. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono niską zależność między częstością spożycia produktów o działaniu chemoprewencyjnym a płcią, wykształceniem oraz miejscem zamieszkania.

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Review of Mechanisms and Treatment of Cancer-Induced Cardiac Cachexia

Cited by 11 publications

References 89 publications

The Warburg effect drives cachectic states in patients with pancreatobiliary adenocarcinoma

The Warburg effect drives cachectic states in patients with pancreatobiliary adenocarcinoma

The pathophysiology of cancer‐mediated cardiac cachexia and novel treatment strategies: A narrative review

Awareness of the relationship between chemopreventive behaviours and occurrence of cancer in patients with selected types of cancer.

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