Review of Method and a New Tool for Decline and Inactive SARS-CoV-2 in Wastewater Treatment

Mega-scale desalination efficacy (Reverse Osmosis, Electrodialysis, Membrane Distillation, MED, MSF) during COVID-19: Evidence from salinity, pretreatment methods, temperature of operation

“…Conclusively, due to the infection of gastric epithelium they concluded that the virus play an important role in fecal-oral transmission. Although many studies highlighted the effectiveness of various pretreatment methods such as ozonation, UV, chlorination, electrochemical process ( Zahmatkesh, Amesho, and Sillanpää, 2022 , Zahmatkesh and Sillanpää, 2022 ), mix matrix membrane ( Zahmatkesh, Rezakhani, and Gholamzadeh, 2023 ) and biological treatment such as algae-based methods in wastewater treatment plants ( Zahmatkesh and Pirouzi, 2020 ), the number of researches in the context of large-scale desalination plants during the ongoing pandemic is rare and those limited studies that could be related to the desalination technologies is focused on the role of some of the pretreatment methods against SASR-CoV-2. Nevertheless, some researches have been performed in the context of thermal desalination technologies by focusing on the use of nanomaterial as antibacterial agents for biological contamination, but they limited to the small-scale desalination ( Parsa et al, 2020 ) system and the feasibility for large-scale plants has not been realized.…”

Various advanced wastewater treatment methods to remove microplastics and prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to airborne microplastics

“…Infectious disease transmission and prevalence of COVID-19 pandemics (Zahmatkesh et al 2022a ). Due to various environmental factors (climate change, water transfer, air, and food) (Zahmatkesh and Sillanpää 2022 ) and disinfection of surfaces and hands (Eslami et al 2020 ). The amount of MPs produced depends on the physical properties of the plastic material, including its stiffness, thickness, anisotropy, density, etc.…”