2020
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03737
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Review of methods and antimicrobial agents for susceptibility testing against Pythium insidiosum

Abstract: Pythiosis is a life-threatening infectious disease of humans and animals caused by the oomycete microorganism Pythium insidiosum. The disease has been increasingly diagnosed worldwide. P. insidiosum inhabits freshwater and presents in two forms: mycelium and zoospore. Clinical manifestations of pythiosis include an infection of the artery, eye, skin, or gastrointestinal tract. The management of pythiosis is problematic due to the lack of effective treatment. Many patients die from an uncontrolled infection. Th… Show more

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Cited by 33 publications
(36 citation statements)
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References 157 publications
(433 reference statements)
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“…In summary, the pathogenic oomycete P. destruens (an alternative name or synonym of P. insidiosum) can cause a deadly infectious condition "pythiosis" in humans and some animals, especially horses and dogs, worldwide [2,3,[11][12][13]20]. Although some established diagnostic and therapeutic modalities are available, the management of the infection caused by this microorganism is still challenging [20][21][22][23][24][25]. Little is known regarding the basic biology and pathogenesis of the pathogen.…”
Section: Data Descriptionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In summary, the pathogenic oomycete P. destruens (an alternative name or synonym of P. insidiosum) can cause a deadly infectious condition "pythiosis" in humans and some animals, especially horses and dogs, worldwide [2,3,[11][12][13]20]. Although some established diagnostic and therapeutic modalities are available, the management of the infection caused by this microorganism is still challenging [20][21][22][23][24][25]. Little is known regarding the basic biology and pathogenesis of the pathogen.…”
Section: Data Descriptionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Some diagnostic modalities have been developed and used for diagnosing pythiosis, such as culture identification and zoospore induction [25][26][27][28], histological examination (i.e., immunostaining) [29][30][31][32][33][34], serological tests [i.e., immunodiffusion (ID), Western blot (WB), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), hemagglutination (HA), and immunochromatography (ICT)] [35][36][37][38][39][40][41], molecular assays (i.e., PCR and sequence homology analysis) [42][43][44][45], and proteomic approaches [46,47]. P. insidiosum exhibits limited sensitivity to conventional antimicrobial agents [48,49]. Surgical intervention to remove an infected tissue is the primary treatment for pythiosis [50,51].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Such the diagnostic tests are not widely available in the clinical laboratories, leading to the delayed diagnosis. Although the antifungal drugs are generally ineffective against the P. insidiosum infection due to the lack of drug-target ergosterol biosynthesis enzymes, success stories of antimicrobial drug use have been occasionally reported [ 2 , 4 , 26 , 27 ]. In most cases, the treatment of pythiosis aims to surgically remove all infected tissue [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%