Review of Methods for Determining Residual Stresses in Biological Materials

How does prestrain in the tympanic membrane affect middle-ear function? A finite-element model study in rabbit

“…However, the results were not conclusive about the existence and nature of the prestrain, because the prestrain may be too small to be detected with early techniques based on pure visual observation (Funnell and Laszlo, 1982). With the advent of new sensitive measurement techniques, it has become possible to resolve microscopic changes in strain, which enables the detection of prestrain and prestress in biological structures (Nelson, 2013(Nelson, , 2014. Recently, we have performed experiments on fresh cadaveric rabbit ears, in which the change of the strain in the TM was measured by digital image correlation after creating radial and circumferential incisions in the membrane (Livens et al, 2021).…”