Review of Molecular Techniques for the Identification of Bacterial Communities in Biological Effluent Treatment Facilities at Pulp and Paper Mills

Abstract

One of the processes most used in biotechnology today for handling industrial liquid wastes is biological wastewater treatment. The efficiency and quality of its operation depends on the composition and activity of the microbial community that is present. The application of traditional and molecular techniques has provided a glimpse into the "black box" and has given information to improve the wastewater treatment process. However, bleach pulp and paper mill effluents require a better understanding of the active bacterial population. For the study of these microorganisms, molecular techniques have been used for more than 15 years. However, there has been a lack of knowledge of the physiological requirements and relations with the environment, which seems to be very difficult to obtain involving profile on the diversity. Nowadays, highthroughput sequencing technology is a promising method that makes it possible to identify the entire profile of microbial communities. In combination with fingerprint methods, this approach allows the identification and analysis of the whole biodiversity of microbial communities. In this review, several identification techniques will be discussed.

Molecular identification of microbial communities in the methane production from vinasse: A review

“…The DGGE profiles have been analyzed with the Bionumerics software 5.1 (Applied Maths, Kortrijk, Belgium) (Jiménez et al 2018), BioNumerics 7.1 (Dias et al 2016) and BioNumerics 2.5 (dos Reis et al 2015). The bands obtained are excised, crushed, eluted in milliQ water, re-amplified, purified, and sequenced (Bailón-Salas et al 2017b). In some studies, bands are not sequenced (Jiménez et al 2018).…”

“…The efficiency and quality of the process depends on the composition and activity of the microbial community that is present (Christy et al 2014;Bailón-Salas et al 2017a), i.e., temperature and pH (Basu 2010). So, the lack of knowledge of the microbial communities present in AD of vinasse limits the capacity to maximize the methane production.…”

Bacterial Diversity in Two Aerated Lagoons of a Pulp and Paper Effluent and their Interaction with a Commercial Inoculum using PCR-DGGE

“…(Chauhan et al 2012) and B. licheniformis (Songsiriritthigul et al 2010;Ge et al 2016) have been characterized. Furthermore, the genus Bacillus has been extensively identified in biological effluents from pulp and paper mills (Bailón-Salas et al 2017). B. subtilis has also been isolated from different gastro-intestinal tract regions of snails, showing high Avicelase activity (Dar et al 2015).…”

“…Currently, a great variety of molecular methods are available that provide more information than the widely known culture methods. Fingerprint methods, such as DGGE, can be used to monitor through the purification process (Bailón-Salas et al 2017). However, few reports concerning the study of bacterial communities in aerated lagoons in a pulp and paper effluent exist (Liss and Allen 1992;Yu and Mohn 2001).…”

Microbiological diversity in an aerated lagoon treating kraft effluent

“…Except for the biological ones, these methods are expensive, which often makes their application unfeasible (Kamali and Khodaparast 2015;Kamali et al 2019). Sonkar et al 2019 Activated sludge and aerated facultative lagoon (AFL) processes are the most used systems in the biological treatment of effluents from the pulp and paper industry (Kamali and Khodaparast 2015;Bailón-salas et al 2017;Lewis et al 2018). In this sense, AFLs are widely used in Brazil due to the country's favorable climatic conditions and the large availability of area for the construction of these lagoons (Von Sperling 2016).…”