Review of Molybdenum Disulfide Research in Slurry Bed Heavy Oil Hydrogenation

Abstract

With the growing demand for gasoline and diesel fuel and the shortage of conventional oil reserves, there has been extensive interest in upgrading technologies for unconventional feedstocks such as heavy oil. Slurry bed reactors with high tolerance to heavy oil have been extensively investigated. Among them, dispersive MoS2 is favored for its excellent hydrogenation ability for heavy oil even under harsh reaction conditions such as high pressure and high temperature, its ability to effectively prevent damage to equipment from deposited coke, and its ability to meet the requirement of high catalyst dispersion for slurry bed reactors. This paper reviews the relationship between the structure and hydrogenation effectiveness of dispersive molybdenum disulfide, the hydrogenation mechanism, and the improvement of its hydrogenation performance by adding defects and compares the application of molybdenum disulfide in heavy oil hydrogenation, desulfurization, deoxygenation, and denitrification. It is found that the current research on dispersive molybdenum disulfide catalysts focuses mostly on the reduction of stacking layers and catalytic performance, and there is a lack of research on the lateral dimensions, microdomain regions, and defect sites of MoS2 catalysts. The relationship between catalyst structure and hydrogenation effect also lags far behind the application of MoS2 in the precipitation of hydrogen, etc. Oil-soluble and water-soluble MoS2 catalysts eventually need to be converted to a solid sulfide state to have hydrogenation activity. The conversion history of soluble catalysts to solid-type catalysts and the key to their improved catalytic effectiveness remain unclear.

Recent Advances in Layered MX2-Based Materials (M = Mo, W and X = S, Se, Te) for Emerging Optoelectronic and Photo(electro)catalytic Applications

“…Despite being a weak interlayer interaction, the weak vdW interactions play an important role in the electronic structure of MoS 2 and, consequently, in its relevance for optoelectronic device applications [109,110]. Also, it is well-known that 1T-MoS 2 is metastable and 3R-MoS 2 is stable, and they undergo a transformation into 2H-MoS 2 after heating [24,[111][112][113][114].…”

Structural Design of Single‐Atom Catalysts for Enhancing Petrochemical Catalytic Reaction Process

“…Currently, slurry phase hydrogenation catalysts can be categorized into homogeneous (water-soluble and oil-soluble dispersion catalysts) and heterogeneous (solid powder catalysts). [32,33] Among them, metal sulfides (Mo > W > Co > Ni > Fe) exhibited the best performance. [34] However, metal sulfide catalysts tend to agglomerate into nanometer or particles, leading to a reduction of the exposed active sites and the generation of coke.…”

Advances and Challenges in Development of Transition Metal Catalysts for Heterogeneous Hydrogenation of Organic Compounds

“…10 times during the last 10 years, which was caused by high world demand and limited supply, especially after 2022. Significant increase of the price on Pd seems to be the main reason which stimulated active search of alternatives among other cheaper metals, such as Ru, [14] Ni, [17] Co, [18] Fe, [19] Mo, [20] Re [21] and others. However, some of the recently developed catalytic systems allowed to perform hydrogenation with better selectivity compared to Pd or Pt, in particular to obtain saturated halogen-containing compounds (no cleavage of CÀ Cl, [22] CÀ Br and even CÀ I bonds in the process), [18c,d] and search of new selective catalytic systems is one more powerful stimulus for development of PGM-free catalysts.…”