Review of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Turkey with a Particular Focus on Recycling of Plastics

Aydın, Nesli

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2017.04.031

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Secondly, only one fifth of total plastic waste contains PVC, and this inhomogeneity makes recycling of PVC harder during the waste separation phase as confirmed by similar findings of studies in the literature [8,11]. Cross contamination is also a problem in Turkey [71], which can be another reason of low preference rate of recycling in PVC industry during investment prioritizations, since this problem affects both quality and time/efficiency criteria negatively. Finally, polymer compounds degrade after certain amount of recycling operations [6].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…However, intense competition in the market forces the private sector to focus on costs, production times, and quality more than environmental issues. Secondly, recycling of PVC is being seen as a risky and costly approach by the manufacturers for several reasons such as, low purity of PVC waste separated [71], degradation of PVC during recycling processes [6], investment costs of bult-in recycling facilities, and additional logistics cost of supply [35]. These issues seem to be the primary concerns of executives.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Environmental Factors in the Investment Prioritization of Facilities Using Recycled PVC

Baç¹

2021

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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There are many types of solid wastes however, plastic wastes are among the ones which have several harmful effects on the environment. Plastic wastes have a long decomposition time in nature and the dangerous chemical compounds in them make them a threat for the environment along with other types of waste. Contamination caused by the plastic wastes attracts worldwide attention nowadays. As a member of thermoplastic polymers family, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products are one of the most preferred type of plastic composition, which holds an important ratio in the total plastic waste amount. PVC wastes should either be disposed or recycled to minimize their harmful effects on the environment. The disposal approach is easy and cheap, but recycling alternative requires the investment on special facilities hence, a more expensive solution. However, disposal alternatives, such as landfilling and incineration, may also cause pollution due to high chlorine content of PVC; whereas, mechanical and chemical recycling options reduce many environmental problems. There is a clear tradeoff in the decision of handling PVC waste between the costs and environmental effects. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the factors considered during the investment decisions of PVC manufacturers to find out the importance of environmental factors by using a multi-criteria group decision making method.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Environmental Factors in the Investment Prioritization of Facilities Using Recycled PVC

Baç¹

2021

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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“…In the Global South, many countries are creating SWM‐supporting policies and frameworks. For example, China and Colombia (Kiddee et al, 2013), India and South Africa (Kaza et al, 2018; Widmer et al, 2005), Brazil (Beatriz et al, 2014; Wilson et al, 2013), and Turkey (Aydin, 2017; Sarptaş & Erdin, 2015) have extended producer responsibility, guaranteed fixed budgets, and regulated waste management guidelines. In Uganda and Botswana (Gaborone), the decentralization or privatization policy mandates urban councils to make by‐laws and engage private sectors through contracts (Bolaane & Isaac, 2015; Okot‐Okumu & Nyenje, 2011).…”

Section: Research Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, power struggles within multiparty political systems of central and local governance in some countries (e.g., Slovakia, Greece, and Haiti) have affected SWM structure, function, and decision‐making processes (Bosdogianni, 2007; Bras et al, 2009; Šedová, 2016). The lack of democratic structures and competent representation of local authorities push leaders to make decisions based on their parties' interests for fear of being voted out of office (Aydin, 2017; Oteng‐Ababio et al, 2013; Sarptaş & Erdin, 2015).…”

Section: Research Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid waste management in the context of the waste hierarchy and circular economy frameworks: An international critical review

Awino

Apitz²

2023

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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Growing populations and consumption drive the challenges of solid waste management (SWM); globalization of transport, food production, and trade, including waste trading, distributes risks worldwide. Using waste hierarchy (WH; reduce, reuse, and recycle) and circular economy (CE) concepts, we updated a conceptual waste framework used by international organizations to evaluate SWM practices. We identified the key steps and the important factors, as well as stakeholders, which are essential features for effective SWM. Within this updated conceptual framework, we qualitatively evaluated global SWM strategies and practices, identifying opportunities, barriers, and best practices. We find that, although a few exceptional countries exhibit zero‐waste compliance, most fare poorly, as exhibited by the high waste generation, incineration, and disposal (open dumping, landfilling) volumes. In the Global North, SWM strategies and practices rely heavily on technologies, economic tools, regulatory frameworks, education, and social engagement to raise stakeholder awareness and enhance inclusion and participation; in the Global South, however, many governments take sole legal responsibility for SWM, seeking to eliminate waste as a public “nuisance.” Separation and recycling in the Global South are implemented mainly by “informal” economies in which subsistence needs drive recyclable material retrieval. Imported, regionally inappropriate tools, economic constraints, weak policies and governance, waste trading, noninclusive stakeholder participation, data limitations, and limited public awareness continue to pose major waste and environmental management challenges across nations. In the context of the framework, we conclude that best practices from around the world can be used to guide decision‐making, globally. Despite variations in drivers and needs across regions, nations in both the Global North and South need to improve WH and CE compliance, and enhance stakeholder partnership, awareness, and participation throughout the SWM process. Partnerships between the Global North and South could better manage traded wastes, reduce adverse impacts, and enhance global environmental sustainability and equity, supporting UN Sustainable Development Goals. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;00:1–27. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).

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“…The most rational way for treating plastic is separate collection and recycling as it gives the possibilities for environmentally friendly management of every municipal solid waste stream ( 19 ). Even in this case, plastic materials should be handled, treated, and disposed of safely ( 20 ). In the case of landfilling of plastic materials, the impact of phthalates on environmental quality is associated with certain long-term related soil and groundwater contamination problems ( 21 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Translocation of Phthalates From Food Packaging Materials Into Minced Beef

et al. 2022

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There has been increased concern regarding the potential human health risks associated with exposure to phthalates. Research indicates that food intake is the most critical exposure pathway for phthalates. This study aimed to investigate packaged beef samples for the presence of dimethyl terephthalate (DMTP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), and diisooctyl phthalate (DiOP) and to assess their translocation from the common form of food packaging procured from various Saint-Petersburg and Leningrad region shops. The packaging samples include paper and different types of plastic. Phthalates were extracted by dichloromethane and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). While DnBP had the highest mean values in beef from 34.5 to 378.5 μg·kg−1, DiOP displayed the lowest mean values from LOD to 37 μg·kg−1. The larger contact area and the presence of distributed fat on the surface of the minced meat resulted in significantly higher phthalate translocation than beef slices. Further, DMTP was not detected in any samples. However, the examined food packages do not meet the requirements of Russian, EU and USA legislation, as DnBP migrates to meat. Calculated maximum DnBP daily intake of 0.167 μg·kg−1·day−1 for chilled minced beef in vacuum packaging did not exceed tolerable daily intake (TDI) level. The most alarming results are concerning the phthalates presence in beef farmed in the Leningrad region and not subjected to any plastic packaging. A full-scale study is warranted to determine the pathways and sources of phthalates migration in the food chain.

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Review of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Turkey with a Particular Focus on Recycling of Plastics

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

The Role of Environmental Factors in the Investment Prioritization of Facilities Using Recycled PVC

The Role of Environmental Factors in the Investment Prioritization of Facilities Using Recycled PVC

Solid waste management in the context of the waste hierarchy and circular economy frameworks: An international critical review

Translocation of Phthalates From Food Packaging Materials Into Minced Beef

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