Review of Olefin Isomerization

Refining Technology Selection

“…The syncrude is rich in n-1-alkenes, which have the lowest octane numbers of all alkenes (Table 13.5). Potential catalysts have been listed in the extensive review of Dunning [71]. This strategy works very well across all carbon numbers, with large gains in octane number that is possible from a very simple conversion process.…”

Catalysis in the Upgrading of Fischer–Tropsch Syncrude

“…Some of the studies originated more than 50 years ago. [214][215][216][217][218][219][220][221][222] Essential information can also be found in several textbooks. Because the focus of this review is on upgrading of the primary products from FTS, only a cursory account of the mechanism, as it applies to IS/HIS, is given.…”

“…Unpromoted ASA catalysts are active for the IS of alkenes and many of the earlier studies have been summarised in a review by Dunning. 216 Conversion can typically take place at fairly low temperatures. However, without metal promotion ASA catalysts are not active for IS of n-alkanes.…”

Theoretical investigation of double-bond isomerization of 1-hexene to trans-2-hexene on H-ZSM-5 zeolite

“…As a key property of the zeolite, the Brønsted acidity arises from the bridging hydroxyl group formed by substitution of Al for Si in its framework, in which place, various reactions such as disproportionation, cyclization, polymerization, oligomerization, double-bond isomerization and cracking, may take place, depending on the reaction conditions. Among the aforementioned reactions, the double-bond isomerization of linear olefins is an important reaction for a series of industrial processes [4][5][6][7][8]. For such applications, understanding the relation of the catalytic properties of the zeolite to its Brønsted acidity is of particular importance for the development and design of new, more effective, and possibly selective catalysts.…”