Review of onychocryptosis: epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment

Geizhals, Solomon; Lipner, Shari R.

doi:10.5070/d3259045583

Cited by 27 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Most studies had patients in the 20–30 years age group. However, onychocryptosis has a biphasic distribution with peaks in the second and fifth decade 30 . The studies by Andre et al ., 10 Ahsan et al 11 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, onychocryptosis has a biphasic distribution with peaks in the second and fifth decade. 30 The studies by Andre et al, 10 Ahsan et al 11 and Misiak et al 22 had a wide range in their patient age. However, only Misiak et al 22 carried out an analysis of variation of recurrence with age, and they significantly found that the elderly had a tenfold greater risk of recurrence when treated with phenol.…”

Section: Demographicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy and safety of phenol‐based partial matricectomy in treatment of onychocryptosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Vinay

Thakur

et al. 2022

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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Chemical matricectomy is an established treatment modality of onychocryptosis. In this meta‐analysis, we studied the efficacy and safety profile of phenol‐based matricectomy. We performed an electronic database search of PubMed, EMBASE and grey literature using the search terms ‘(onychocryptosis OR ingrown toe nail) AND (phenol OR chemical matricectomy)’ from inception till 31‐12‐2020, for controlled clinical trials with phenol in one of the treatment arms and at least 10 participants in each arm. From the initial search of 335, eighteen articles were included in the final analysis. There were a total of 1655 patients, of which 856 received phenol as an intervention modality. We found that nail matrix phenolisation was associated with a 49 fewer number of recurrences per thousand patients compared with other modalities (OR: 0.28–0.57, CI 95%). It also had a reduction in 175 cases of discharge or haemorrhage per thousand patients compared with other modalities (OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.14–0.45). However, we found that TCA‐ and NaOH‐based matricectomies fared better compared with phenol in incidence of postoperative discharge and haemorrhage. Patients also experienced less pain (257 fewer number per 1000, OR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.43–0.63). Nearly, half of the included studies had some concerns about the risk of bias. As of now, phenol matricectomy combines a low recurrence rate with favourable adverse effect profile and is the preferred modality for matricectomy in grade II and III onychocryptosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Demographicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and safety of phenol‐based partial matricectomy in treatment of onychocryptosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Vinay

Thakur

et al. 2022

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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“…In the literature, improper nail cutting and care, narrow shoe selection, abnormal nail structure, hormonal factors, genetic factors, hyperhidrosis or excessive sweating, nail fungal infection, trauma, history of nail surgery, bone abnormalities, and obesity are reported among the risk factors. Among these predisposing factors, improper nail cutting, and wrong shoe selection are more frequent ones [2,7]. Ingrowing frequently starts at distal end of lateral nail grooves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some cases, the nail plate can penetrate the surrounding soft tissue, or the nail plate can be covered with soft tissue, resulting in infection [3][4][5]. Although the disease generally occurs in the great toes (hallux nail) (70%), in some unusual cases other fingernails may also be involved after the trauma [6,7]. Ingrown toenail occurs mostly in the lateral part of the nail, the incidence on the lateral and medial sides of the nail is 2:1 [8].…”

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confidence: 99%

A new, quick, effective and minimally invasive treatment technique applied to ingrown toenails

Şenol¹,

Gülşen²

2022

The European Research Journal

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Objectives: Existing surgical and conservative treatment techniques applied to ingrown toenails remain controversial. In this study, a new minimally invasive technique for the treatment of ingrown toenails is described which was found to provide rapid healing and effective results. Methods: The presented study includes 39 patients with ingrown toenails treated with the newly developed technique. The technique is a minimally invasive procedure in which a half groove-shaped piece obtained from the intravenous drip set plastic was placed between nail and dermis and fixed on the nail. Results:The patients treated with this technique were followed up after one week, one month and six months. According to six-month follow-up results of the patients, achievement rate of the presented technique was found to be quite high at 80%. Conclusions: This new technique has many advantages compared to existing ingrown toenail treatment methods. It was revealed that this method is very effective and successful by not requiring dressing, ensuring low pain, rapid recovery from the first day of the treatment, uninterrupted return to daily life, and low recurrence rate. One of the most important advantages of the technique is that it ensures high patient satisfaction by providing good functional and aesthetic results.

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“…Inadequate treatment can result in the transformation of the infection from a local disease (flexor tenosynovitis, osteitis, or osteoarthritis) to a systemic disease (endocarditis or bacterial translocation) ( Pierrart et al., 2016 ). Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes are regarded as the causative pathogens, and bacterial infections are key factors of inflammatory aggravation in paronychia ( Marten, 1959 ; Geizhals and Lipner, 2019 ). Despite the strong correlation between infective microorganisms and inflammation in paronychia, antibiotic treatment alone cannot control the disease, and it may lead to disease recurrence in clinical practice ( Laxton, 1995 ; Park and Singh, 2012 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imbalanced Dermic Microbiome Aggravates Inflammation in Toenail Paronychia

Liu

Xue

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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The commensal microbiome influences skin immunity, but its function in toenail health remains unclear. Paronychia is one of the most common inflammatory toenail diseases, but antibiotic treatment is seldom effective in clinical cases. In this study, we performed 16S rRNA sequencing to investigate the characteristics of microbes associated with paronychia in order to identify the key microorganisms involved in inflammation. Seventy dermic samples were collected from patients with paronychia and the differences in dermic microbiota were analyzed in patients with different inflammation severities. Distinct clustering of dermal microbiota was observed in the dermis with different inflammation severities. A higher relative abundance of anaerobic microorganisms such as Parvimona, Prevotella, and Peptoniphilus was observed in severe paronychia, whereas Lactobacillus disappeared with disease progression. Co-occurring network analysis suggested that the disturbance of the dermic microbiome and attenuation of antagonism by Lactobacillus against anaerobic pathogens may aggravate inflammation in paronychia. Functional analysis showed that dermic microbiome disturbance may worsen microbial metabolism and tissue repair in the skin. In conclusion, we revealed that an increased abundance of anaerobic microorganisms and loss of Lactobacillus in the dermis may promote paronychia progression and microbiological imbalance may aggravate inflammation in patients with paronychia.

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Review of onychocryptosis: epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment

Cited by 27 publications

References 47 publications

Efficacy and safety of phenol‐based partial matricectomy in treatment of onychocryptosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Efficacy and safety of phenol‐based partial matricectomy in treatment of onychocryptosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

A new, quick, effective and minimally invasive treatment technique applied to ingrown toenails

Imbalanced Dermic Microbiome Aggravates Inflammation in Toenail Paronychia

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