Review of Orchidaceae of the northern part of Kazakhstan

Abstract

We present a review of Orchidaceae Juss. of the northern part of Kazakhstan, within the steppe, forest-steppe and semi-desert habitats of the country (Pavlodar, northern Kazakhstan, Kostanay, Akmola, Aktobe, West Kazakhstan, partially Karaganda and East Kazakhstan regions). The investigation is based on herbarium materials, literature data and field observations. We examined material from the following herbarium collections: LE, MW, TK, MHA, SVER, KUZ, ALTB, AA, NUR, KG, KSPI, NS, NSK, MOSP, ORIS, PPIU, totalling 288 herbarium specimens. The paper presents data in the form of revision, focusing on orchids of the northern part of Kazakhstan. It is accompanied by maps indicating localities, notes on habitat preferences, phenology and conservation status. A total of 25 species of 16 genera were recorded, of which eight are included in the Red Book of Kazakhstan (2014). According to our data, we propose to enlarge the number of protected orchids by adding the following nine species: Corallorhiza trifida, Epipactis atrorubens, Gymnadenia conopsea, Hammarbya paludosa, Herminium monorchis, Liparis loeselii, Malaxis monophyllos, Neottia camtschatea and Spiranthes australis. The most widespread species in the studied region are Dactylorhiza incarnata, D. umbrosa and Epipactis palustris. The rarest species (single locality only) are Epipactis atrorubens, E. helleborine, Epipogium aphyllum, Hammarbya paludosa and Herminium monorchis.

Study of the State of Woody Plants in Arid Conditions of Mangistau (Kazakhstan)

“…In many botanical centres in Kazakhstan, plant prospects are forecast based on visual (mainly phenological) observations. This approach gives good results but does not reveal the mechanisms of plant adaptation to unfavourable environmental conditions [43][44][45][46][47][48]. Previous studies of introduced plants' winter hardiness, water regime, and heat resistance have revealed some features of their adaptive response.…”