Review of Pediatric Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis

Randall, Rachel M.; Silverstein, Michael P.; Goodwin, Ryan C.

doi:10.1097/jsa.0000000000000127

Cited by 40 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Spondylolisthesis is defined as the anterior translocation of one vertebra on its adjacent caudal segment. Severity is graded using the Meyerding classification from grade 1–5: grade 1 is 0–25% dislocation, grade 2 is 25–50%, grade 3 is 50–75%, grade 4 is 75–100%, and grade 5, also known as spondyloptosis, refers to complete displacement [ 7 ]. Posterior translocation of a vertebra is referred to as posterior spondylolisthesis or retrolisthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospondyloptosis of the Spine Secondary to Nonaccidental Trauma

Duffin

Thomas

2018

Case Reports in Pediatrics

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Spinal fracture rates from NAT have been reported in <1–3% of spinal injury cases. We present a 13-month-old female who presented with signs of spinal cord injury and was found to have complete retrospondylolisthesis of T12 vertebra and multiple rib fractures in various stages of healing due to NAT. This case reports an extremely severe spinal injury due to NAT of which there are few in the literature and highlights the importance of suspicion of NAT when pediatric patients present with neurologic symptoms and spinal trauma without plausible mechanism of injury.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospondyloptosis of the Spine Secondary to Nonaccidental Trauma

Duffin

Thomas

2018

Case Reports in Pediatrics

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“…Занятия спортом являются фактором высокой степени риска формирования спондилолиза [8,10,20,31,46]. Основным патогенетическим звеном при этом выступает избыточная нагрузка на межсуставную часть дуги нижнего поясничного позвонка в течение длительного времени, например во время тренировочного процесса, при переразгибании позвоночника, в результате чего там формируется зона патологической перестройки костной ткани в виде ее дефекта («усталостного» перелома) [7,10,19,24,40,47,48]. Интересную информациюоб этом приводят M. Selhorst с соавторами, проанализировавшие наличие спондилолиза у людей, профессионально занимающихся различными видами спорта.…”

Section: материал и методыunclassified

“…Практически все исследователи единодушны во мнении, что наличие спондилолиза является фактором высокой степени риска формирования спондилолистеза, который в этих случаях, по используемым в настоящее время классификациям, следует относить к спондилолизному (истмическому) [11,12,32,38,[47][48][49][55][56][57][58]. Вероятность формирования такой формы спондилолистеза при наличии спондилолиза составляет не менее 50-70% [47,48,59,60].…”

Section: материал и методыunclassified

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Isolated and Multilevel Spondylolysis (Literature Review)

Скрябин¹

2019

Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia

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One of the main causes of lumbar spine pain is spondylolysis. The purpose of this review is to present the current state of the problem of diagnosis and treatment isolated and multilevel spondylolysis.Materials and Methods. The review includes 86 publications on the problem of spondylolysis for 2005–2019, obtained from electronic databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, eLIBRARY, CYBERLENINKA.Results. There is still the only known classification of spondylolysis by P. Niggemann et al, which includes four severity of this pathology — from mild to very severe: A, BI, BII, BIII. The classification is based on the nature of changes in the area of bone defect of the vertebral arch when the patient performs functional tests. In some cases, the pathology can be regarded as a transition between different degrees of severity of type B. The treatment of spondylolysis can be both conservative and operational. The conservative therapy consists of physical activity restriction, physiotherapy, wearing a corset, massage, and pharmacotherapy. The purpose of surgical treatment is the removal of fibrous tissue from the zone of spondylolysis and the achievement in this area the bone fusion via a bone autoplasty and(or) osteosynthesis with different metal frameworks. Reasoned arguments about the need for a combination of conservative and surgical treatment of patients with spondylolysis are also reflected in the publications. Information on multilevel spondylolysis is represented by a small number of articles. only 15 authors described clinical cases of multilevel spondylolysis in a total of 21 patients. Spondylolysis is a high risk factor for the spondylolisthesis formation. Among the various categories of patients suffering from spondylolysis and lumbar spondylolysis spondylolisthesis, pregnant women are of particular interest. Hormonal restructuring and changes in the biomechanics of the spine in women during the gestational period often leads to the appearance or intensification pain syndrome in lumbar spine complicating the pregnancy, and hence a fetus development.Conclusion. Timely diagnosis of spondylolysis and the subsequent development of individual rehabilitation not only improves the quality of life of patients, but in some cases can prevent such a serious pathology as spondylolisthesis.

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“…Спондилолистезы (особенно 1-2-й ст.) у детей часто клинически не проявляются [4,5], хотя опубликованы работы, в которых частота симптомных спондилолистезов составляет 5 % [6]. По данным других авторов, основной причиной болевого синдрома у подростков является сколиоз [7].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Surgical treatment of lower lumbar spine pathology in children and adolescents

Krutko

Владимирович²,

Sanginov

et al. 2018

Pediatr Traum Orthop Reconstr Surg

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Introduction. Analysis of the modern literature shows that the number of children complaining of low back pain of varying intensity in the spine increases annually. Publications on the surgical treatment of juvenile osteochondrosis were scarce. Currently, there are no algorithms for choosing a surgical treatment for children and adolescents with lumbar spine pathology, particularly high-grade listhesis, methods and terms of surgical treatment, and the use of reduction maneuvers remain debatable. There are no high-quality evidence studies. Aim. This study aimed to summarize the experience of treatment of children and adolescents with pathology of the lower lumbar spine. Material and methods. We performed a retrospective analysis of the treatment outcomes in patients with lower lumbar spine pathology who were younger than 18 years and who underwent surgery in the Neurosurgical Department No. 2 of the Tsiv’yan Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics between 2008 and 2018. The mean age of the patients was 15.5 years. We structured pathologies and interventions in children and adolescents and evaluated the clinical and radiological outcomes of treatment and the rate of intraoperative and postoperative complications. Results and discussion. From 2008 to 2018, 11,428 patients with degenerative spine disease and isthmic/dysplastic spondylolisthesis underwent surgery at the Neurosurgical Department No. 2. Of these, 55 (0.5%) patients were younger than 18 years. In all patients, surgical treatment led to pain relief and physical activity recovery. Decompression/stabilization surgery through the posterior approach enabled formation of an artificial block in 100% of cases. The rate of surgical treatment complications was 8.6% and 28.6% in children and adolescents with herniated lumbar intervertebral discs and spondylolisthesis, respectively. Conclusion. Surgical treatment of children and adolescents with pathology of the lower lumbar spine demonstrated an excellent clinical outcome. Disc herniation did not recur 4.9 years after decompression surgery for herniated lumbar intervertebral discs. Decompression/stabilization surgery through the posterior approach in children and adolescents with spondylolisthesis facilitated abolition of pain, regression of neurological disorders, full recovery of physical activity, and formation of a reliable artificial block. Potential complications were resolved without consequences and did not downplay the importance of surgical techniques in the treatment of this group of patients.

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Review of Pediatric Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis

Cited by 40 publications

References 27 publications

Retrospondyloptosis of the Spine Secondary to Nonaccidental Trauma

Retrospondyloptosis of the Spine Secondary to Nonaccidental Trauma

Isolated and Multilevel Spondylolysis (Literature Review)

Surgical treatment of lower lumbar spine pathology in children and adolescents

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