Review of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) bioaccumulation in earthworms

Burkhard, Lawrence P.; Votava, Lauren K.

doi:10.1016/j.envadv.2022.100335

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Earthworms are at the base of the food chain in soil, serving as food for rodents, birds, snakes, frogs, etc. 3,18 Therefore, decrease of earthworm's population has important ecological impact in terrestrial communities. In addition to their effect on survival, the effect of PFAS on E. fetida population was also assessed using reproduction as an endpoint.…”

Section: Effect Of Pfas On Reproduction Of E Fetidamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 Release of PFAS into the environment occurs during all stages of products' life cycle, and has generated concern due to PFAS' tendency to bioaccumulate, exert toxicity, and persist in the environment. 3,4 Soil is an important sink for PFAS. 5,6 PFAS may be emitted to soil directly (e.g., through AFFF or sludge application) or indirectly (e.g., via atmospheric deposition and surface run-off).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, they are at the base of the food chain in soils and can cause biomagnification of PFAS in higher organisms. 3,17 Earthworms are also considered ideal organisms for studying the impact of soil pollutants. 3,17,19 The median concentrations of PFOS and PFOA in uncontaminated (2.7 ng/g and 2.7 ng/g, respectively) and contaminated (8722 ng/g and 83 ng/g, respectively) soils are well below their lethal concentrations to earthworms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,17 Earthworms are also considered ideal organisms for studying the impact of soil pollutants. 3,17,19 The median concentrations of PFOS and PFOA in uncontaminated (2.7 ng/g and 2.7 ng/g, respectively) and contaminated (8722 ng/g and 83 ng/g, respectively) soils are well below their lethal concentrations to earthworms. 5,7,20 The 14-d LC50 value of PFOS and PFOA for Eisenia fetida (in × 10 5 ng/g-dw) is 3.65-4.78 and 7.60-10.00, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We hypothesized that PFOS will dominate any observed perturbation in the macromolecules/metabolites of E. fetida's tissues due to its higher bioaccumulation and toxicity (compared to PFOA). 3,17,19,21 2. Materials and Methods…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perfluorooctanoic acid dominates the molecular-level effects of a trace mixture of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid in earthworm

Han

Oyeyemi

Zenobio

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are an important class of emerging contaminants in the environment. Most studies on the impact of PFAS considered individual compounds; meanwhile PFAS mainly exist in soil as mixtures. To fill this knowledge gap, we investigated the impact of 200 ng/g of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS)as individual compounds and a binary mixture (PFOS+PFOA)on the survival, biomass, reproduction, and metabolites of earthworm (Eisenia fetida). PFAS significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the survival, biomass, and reproduction of E. fetida after 28 d of exposure, but the impact of the mixture was not additive. The bioaccumulation of PFOS after 28 d increased, while that of PFOA decreased when E. fetida was exposed to the mixture compared to the individual compounds. These bioaccumulation trends were partly attributed to changes in the soil distribution coefficient (Kd) of PFOS and PFOA when present in the mixture. Eighty percent of the statistically (p and FDR < 0.05) altered metabolites after 28 d were similarly perturbed by both PFOA and PFOS+PFOA. The pathways dysregulated are related to the metabolism of amino acids, energy, and sulfur. We showed that PFOA dominates the molecular-level impact of the binary PFAS mixture.

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Section: Effect Of Pfas On Reproduction Of E Fetidamentioning

confidence: 99%