Review of pharmacologic and immunologic agents in the management of COVID-19

Ungogo, Marzuq A.; Mohammed, Mustapha; Umar, Bala Ningi; Bala, Auwal Adam; Khalid, Garba M.

doi:10.1016/j.bsheal.2021.01.001

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic burden is still weighing upon the whole world in 2021. To date, there is no approved highly effective treatment for the disease, so a further understanding of risk factors linked to COVID-19 and its mortality could be of paramount importance [1][2][3][4]. Vitamin D is a hormone obtained from skin exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation in sunlight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D Levels Are Reduced at the Time of Hospital Admission in Sicilian SARS-CoV-2-Positive Patients

Gaudio

Murabito²,

Agodi

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a worldwide healthcare challenge that needs an efficient response. Unfortunately, to date there is no highly effective treatment, so a deep understanding of COVID-19 risk factors could be an important step in treating the disease. Vitamin D affects the immune system in many different ways, and other authors already found that COVID-19 patients have low levels of vitamin D. In our retrospective study, we evaluated the vitamin D status at the time of hospital admission in 50 COVID-19 patients in Sicily, which is the southernmost region of Italy, and compared them with 100 control subjects matched for age and sex. Our data showed markedly low levels of vitamin D in patients with a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but no association was found with inflammation markers or clinical severity. Vitamin D levels were reduced at the time of hospital admission in Sicilian SARS-CoV-2-positive patients, but it is not clear whether this condition has an impact on the clinical course of COVID-19.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D Levels Are Reduced at the Time of Hospital Admission in Sicilian SARS-CoV-2-Positive Patients

Gaudio

Murabito²,

Agodi

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…Multiple TLRs were shown to be upregulated, and many compounds to target these genes were identified by DGIdb. Drugs that bind nonspecifically to TLR proteins have been tested extensively, including such drugs as hydroxychloroquine and ritonavir 16,17,18 . Because this pathway is important for coordinating both adaptive and innate immune responses, there may 10 have been some logic in this strategy, but in practice these drugs did not perform well, as reported by the Recovery trial 19 and the WHO "Solidarity" clinical trial 20 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large Scale Profiling of SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients Identified Potential Therapeutic Host Targets and Drug Candidates for COVID-19

Jain¹,

Rego²,

Dakshanamurthy

2021

Preprint

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Given the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 and rising death toll of COVID-19 in the current absence of effective treatments, it is imperative that therapeutics are developed and made available to patients as quickly as possible. Publicly available COVID-19 patient data can be used to identify host therapeutic targets, tailoring treatments to the disease signatures observed in patients. In this study, we identify potential host therapeutic targets based on gene expression alterations observed in COVID-19 patients. We analyzed RNAseq data from airway samples of COVID-19 patients and healthy controls to detect significantly differentially expressed genes and pathways that present potential therapeutic targets. Our analysis revealed expression changes in key genes involved in activation of immune pathways, as well as genes targeted by SARS-CoV2 to interfere with normal host cell functioning. Critical changes were observed in a number of genes, including EIF2AK2, which was shown to play important roles in activating the interferon response and interfering with host cell translational machinery in SARS-CoV-2 infection, presenting a prospective therapeutic target. We also identified drugs with potential to modulate multiple therapeutic targets within the most significant pathways. Our results both validate key genes, pathways, and drug candidates that have been reported by other studies and suggest others that have not been well-characterized and warrant further investigation by future studies. Further investigation of these therapeutic targets and their drug interactions may lead to effective therapeutic strategies to combat the current COVID-19 pandemic and protect against future outbreaks.<br>

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“…The difficulties in the treatment of fungal infections with the current approved antifungal drugs, 13 the paucity of therapeutic options for patients with COVID-19, 25 and several reports of SARS-COV-2 and human pathogenic fungi co-infections 23 , 24 , 26 , 27 make drug repurposing against both COVID-19 and mycoses an interesting approach. The strategy used in this study, a screening of a drug collection of drugs with supposed action against SARS-CoV-2, against a large collection of pathogenic fungi, lead to the discovery of 34 molecules that can be theoretically used to treat both infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicines for Malaria Venture COVID Box: a source for repurposing drugs with antifungal activity against human pathogenic fungi

Almeida‐Paes

Andrade

Ramos

et al. 2021

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Review of pharmacologic and immunologic agents in the management of COVID-19

Cited by 11 publications

References 96 publications

Vitamin D Levels Are Reduced at the Time of Hospital Admission in Sicilian SARS-CoV-2-Positive Patients

Vitamin D Levels Are Reduced at the Time of Hospital Admission in Sicilian SARS-CoV-2-Positive Patients

Large Scale Profiling of SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients Identified Potential Therapeutic Host Targets and Drug Candidates for COVID-19

Medicines for Malaria Venture COVID Box: a source for repurposing drugs with antifungal activity against human pathogenic fungi

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