Review of Plasma Processing for Polymers and Bio-Materials Using a Commercial Frequency (50/60 Hz)-Generated Discharge

Abstract

This manuscript introduces the properties and diverse applications of plasma generated using commercial frequencies of 50/60 Hz. Commercial frequency (CF) derived plasma exhibits characteristics similar to DC discharge but with an electrical polarity and a non-continuous discharge. Due to the low-frequency nature, the reactor configurations usually are capacitively coupled plasma type. The advantages of this method include its simple power structure, low-reaction temperature, and low substrate damage. The electrical polarity can prevent charge buildup on the substrates and deposited films, thereby reducing substrate damage. The simple, low-cost, and easy-to-operate power structure makes it suitable for laboratory-scale usage. Additionally, the various applications, including plasma-enhanced vapor deposition, sputtering, dielectric barrier discharge, and surface modification, and their outcomes in the CF-derived plasma processes are summarized. The conclusion drawn is that the CF-derived plasma process is useful for laboratory-scale utilization due to its simplicity, and the results of the plasma process are also outstanding.

Harnessing Non-Thermal Plasma to Supercharge Recovery in Abdominal Surgeries: A Pilot Study

“…Physical plasma is considered the fourth state of matter due to its high energy and ability to manipulate magnetic and electric fields [16]. It can be generated from gases using high voltages, magnetic fields, or intense electrical radiation [17]. A possible classification of physical plasma is as follows.…”