Review of Potato Biotic Constraints and Experiences with Integrated Pest Management Interventions

Kromann, Peter; Miethbauer, T.; Ortiz, Oscar; Forbes, Gregory A.

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7796-5_10

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Losses in crop yields due to pathogens are estimated to comprise 16% of potential yields (10), and the cost of preventing these losses is substantial. For example, approximately $2.8 billion is spent globally per year solely on chemical control of late blight of potato (11). On the other hand, fungi can also be used in the war against pests; such biocontrol agents include the insect pathogens Beauvaria bassiana and Nosema locustae.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Putative Coffee Rust Mycoparasites via Single-Molecule DNA Sequencing of Infected Pustules

James

Marino

Perfecto

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The interaction of crop pests with their natural enemies is a fundament to their control. Natural enemies of fungal pathogens of crops are poorly known relative to those of insect pests, despite the diversity of fungal pathogens and their economic importance. Currently, many regions across Latin America are experiencing unprecedented epidemics of coffee rust (Hemileia vastatrix). Identification of natural enemies of coffee rust could aid in developing management strategies or in pinpointing species that could be used for biocontrol. In the present study, we characterized fungal communities associated with coffee rust lesions by single-molecule DNA sequencing of fungal rRNA gene bar codes from leaf discs (Ϸ28 mm 2 ) containing rust lesions and control discs with no rust lesions. The leaf disc communities were hyperdiverse in terms of fungi, with up to 69 operational taxonomic units (putative species) per control disc, and the diversity was only slightly reduced in rust-infected discs, with up to 63 putative species. However, geography had a greater influence on the fungal community than whether the disc was infected by coffee rust. Through comparisons between control and rust-infected leaf discs, as well as taxonomic criteria, we identified 15 putative mycoparasitic fungi. These fungi are concentrated in the fungal family Cordycipitaceae and the order Tremellales. These data emphasize the complexity of diverse fungi of unknown ecological function within a leaf that might influence plant disease epidemics or lead to the development of species for biocontrol of fungal disease. Fungal biodiversity is closely linked to plant biodiversity, because a dominant number of fungal taxa are symbiotic with plants (1, 2). On one end of the symbiosis spectrum are plant pathogens, whose impacts are enormous in agricultural production, dramatically reducing yields or even eliminating production altogether, as well as in natural ecosystems, where they may facilitate plant biodiversity by Janzen-Connell effects, coevolutionary processes, or other mechanisms. At the other end of the spectrum are mutualists of plants, including beneficial mycorrhizae and endophytes that promote plant growth and facilitate stress tolerance (3, 4). Somewhere in the middle are the majority of plant-symbiotic fungi, with copious species detected within and on asymptomatic plant tissues. Most of these fungi have unclear roles with respect to plant health but comprise a massive and ubiquitous proportion of overall fungal biodiversity, especially in the lowland tropics, where every leaf sampled reveals the presence of endophytes by use of culture techniques (5, 6). Although some endophytes may have no direct effect on the host, what is becoming increasingly more appreciated is that endophytes can benefit the host through indirect actions, such as by protection from plant pests and pathogens (7,8).In natural ecosystems, cascading trophic interactions are tied to ecosystem stability and diversity (9). These trophic interactions involve numerous natural enemie...

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confidence: 99%

Identification of Putative Coffee Rust Mycoparasites via Single-Molecule DNA Sequencing of Infected Pustules

James

Marino

Perfecto

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Hence there is opportunity for potato growers in Zimbabwe to learn and apply IPM techniques and lower biocides use while maintaining or even increasing yields. According to Kromann et al (2014), potato IPM for disease management involves integrating the use of resistant cultivars, fungicides and grower training. In order for farmers to adopt new technologies, it is important for them to understand the economic, ecological and practical benefits of the technology (Kromann et al 2014).…”

Section: Potato Production Systems In Zimbabwe: General Input Applicamentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Irish Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Production in the Farming Sectors that Emerged from Zimbabwe’s Radical Land Reform of 2000

et al. 2017

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Irish potato production in Zimbabwe can be traced back to the early 1900s. Large-scale commercial farmers dominated production till the early 2000s. Potato is the most important horticultural crop and has been declared a strategic national food security crop in 2012. In 2000, the Fast Track Land Reform Programme completely restructured commercial agriculture and potato farming. A product of the agrarian reforms, the A2-and A1resettlement growers, started growing potato. The A1 resettlement model has individually owned cropping land and shared grazing, while A2 resettlement comprises of self-contained farm units. A survey was conducted to characterise potato growers, mainly to understand the current potato production systems and assess the impact of the landmark reform programme on potato farming. Four production systems, Large-scale commercial, Communal area, A2 resettlement and A1 resettlement, were identified, and two main growing agro-ecological zones, the Highveld and Eastern Nyanga Highlands. In 1961-2013, significant positive trends for annual planted area, average yield and total production were observed. In terms of yield, Zimbabwe is fourth in southern Africa with average yield of 17 t ha-1 in the 2009-2013 period. Large-scale commercial and A2 resettlement systems were well-mechanized and growers owned large land holdings ranging from an average of 165-1,600 ha and 31-390 ha across the different areas respectively, with average potato areas of 11 and 8 ha, respectively. A1 resettlement and Communal area growers owned an average of 4 and 3 ha cropping area, respectively, with average potato areas of 0.4 and 1.1 ha, respectively. Input use was significantly different among the production systems. High synthetic fertiliser and biocides use was observed.

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“…Potato (Solanum spp) is among the five most important staple food crops in the world, and it is cultivated along a wide range of climatic conditions (Kromann et al, 2014). It also has a low water footprint and a high nutritional value (Wolters et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current potato production in Algeria : an explorative research of the current potato production systems in two regions

Houben¹,

Braber²,

Blom-Zandstra³

et al. 2017

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Review of Potato Biotic Constraints and Experiences with Integrated Pest Management Interventions

Cited by 22 publications

References 42 publications

Identification of Putative Coffee Rust Mycoparasites via Single-Molecule DNA Sequencing of Infected Pustules

Identification of Putative Coffee Rust Mycoparasites via Single-Molecule DNA Sequencing of Infected Pustules

Comparative Analysis of Irish Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Production in the Farming Sectors that Emerged from Zimbabwe’s Radical Land Reform of 2000

Current potato production in Algeria : an explorative research of the current potato production systems in two regions

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