Review of Primary Sludge Fermentation Performance in South Africa and the USA

Latimer, Ron; Pitt, Paul; Niekerk, Andre Van

doi:10.2175/193864707788116013

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The SCOD and VFAs yields indicate that primary sludge fermentation promoted VFAs production while SAS disintegration mainly induced SCOD release. Full-scale static primary sludge fermenter thickeners have yields of 25-40 g VFAs kg −1 sludge after 2-3 days [9], which are in the same order of magnitude of the yields described here.…”

Section: Soluble Cod and Vfas Productionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Increased nutrient load to the BNR process PO4-P (kg day −1 ) 2 3 3 NH4 + (kg day −1 ) 1 3 4 Ratio between nutrient recycled and SCOD g PO4-P kg −1 SCOD 0.02 0.97 g NH4 + kg −1 SCOD 0.13 0.11 (6138 kW day −1 in a 50,000 m 3 day −1 treatment works) [20] in comparison with sludge fermentation with virtually no operational costs associated [9].…”

Section: Primary Sludge Supernatant Disintegrated Sas Supernatantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, the question remains as to what sludge source to use and the appropriate mechanism to apply for VFAs production. Fermentation of primary sludge can promote VFAs production [7,8] and this method is currently used in countries such as South Africa and the USA for internal carbon source production for BNR [9]. The sludge retention time in the fermenter is critical to achieve high VFAs production in order to enhance hydrolysis and acidogenesis without methane gas formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison between disintegrated and fermented sewage sludge for production of a carbon source suitable for biological nutrient removal

Soares

Kampas

Maillard

et al. 2010

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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There is a need to investigate processes that enable sludge re-use while enhancing sewage treatment efficiency. Mechanically disintegrated thickened surplus activated sludge (SAS) and fermented primary sludge were compared for their capacity to produce a carbon source suitable for BNR by completing nutrient removal predictive tests. Mechanically disintegration of SAS using a deflaker enhanced volatile fatty acids (VFAs) content from 92 to 374 mg l(-1) (4.1-fold increase). In comparison, primary sludge fermentation increased the VFAs content from 3.5 g l(-1) to a final concentration of 8.7 g l(-1) (2.5-fold increase). The carbon source obtained from disintegration and fermentation treatments improved phosphate (PO(4)-P) release and denitrification by up to 0.04 mg NO(3)-Ng(-1)VSS min(-1) and 0.031 mg PO(4)-Pg(-1)VSS min(-1), respectively, in comparison to acetate (0.023 mg NO(3)-Ng(-1)VSS min(-1)and 0.010 mg PO(4)-Pg(-1)VSS min(-1)). Overall, both types of sludge were suitable for BNR but disintegrated SAS displayed lower carbon to nutrient ratios of 8 for SCOD:PO(4)-P and 9 for SCOD:NO(3)-N. On the other hand, SAS increased the concentration of PO(4)-P in the settled sewage by a further 0.97 g PO(4)-P kg(-1)SCOD indicating its potential negative impact towards nutrient recycling in the BNR process.

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Section: Soluble Cod and Vfas Productionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Primary Sludge Supernatant Disintegrated Sas Supernatantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison between disintegrated and fermented sewage sludge for production of a carbon source suitable for biological nutrient removal

Soares

Kampas

Maillard

et al. 2010

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…In APCs, sbCOD can be converted into soluble biodegradable COD (rbCOD) and part of rbCOD can be fermented to volatile fatty acids (VFAs) (Moser-Engeler et al 1998;Hu et al 2010). Primary sludge fermentation has been implemented in many WWTPs in different configurations, e.g., APCs, elutriation sludge thickeners (Munch & Koch 1999;Latimer et al 2007). As a simple and low cost fermentation process, APCs hold very promising application (Munch & Koch 1999;Chanona et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a simple and low cost fermentation process, APCs hold very promising application (Munch & Koch 1999;Chanona et al 2006). However, erratic performance of APC fermentation has often been reported because of the difficulty in controlling sludge retention time (SRT fer ), one of the most important factors in full-scale APCs (Bouzas et al 2007;Latimer et al 2007). Previous studies have focused mostly on the characteristics of carbon source through fermentation (Zeng et al 2006;Ucisik & Henze 2008), and there is lack of analysis on controlling the sludge blanket height (SBH) (and thus SRT fer and the feasibility of retrofitting CPCs to APCs) and using primary sludge fermentation to highlight its role in energy conservation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrofitting conventional primary clarifiers to activated primary clarifiers to enhance nutrient removal and energy conservation in WWTPs in Beijing, China

Wang

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2011

Water Science and Technology

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Biological nutrient removal requires sufficient carbon source. Meanwhile, the removal of organic matter in wastewater requires energy consumption in the aeration tank. Carbon source for nutrient removal in most wastewater treatment plants with conventional primary clarifier (CPC) is generally insufficient in China. In order to increase carbon source and to save energy, a part of the CPC may be retrofitted as an activated primary clarifier (APC). In this paper, a pilot scale experiment was conducted to examine the performance of primary sludge fermentation and its effect on nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Results show that the primary sludge fermentation in APC has produced a similar VFA/TP ratio but a higher BOD5/TN ratio compared with those in the CPC effluent, and the TN concentrations in the secondary effluent are at 8.0, 10.8, and 17.4 mg/L, while TP is at 0.45, 1.10, and 2.28 mg/L when the pilot test system was fed with (1) the APC effluent, (2) 50% from the APC effluent and 50% from the CPC effluent, and (3) the CPC effluent, respectively. Results also indicate that the BOD5/TN ratio is a more sensitive factor than the VFA/TP ratio for nutrient removal and energy conservation for the APC fermentation.

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Enhanced biological phosphorus removal with different carbon sources

Shen

Zhou

2016

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process is one of the most economical and sustainable methods for phosphorus removal from wastewater. However, the performance of EBPR can be affected by available carbon sources types in the wastewater that may induce different functional microbial communities in the process. Glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) are commonly found by coexisting in the EBPR process. Predominance of GAO population may lead to EBPR failure due to the competition on carbon source with PAO without contributing phosphorus removal. Carbon sources indeed play an important role in alteration of PAOs and GAOs in EBPR processes. Various types of carbon sources have been investigated for EBPR performance. Certain carbon sources tend to enrich specific groups of GAOs and/or PAOs. This review summarizes the types of carbon sources applied in EBPR systems and highlights the roles of these carbon sources in PAO and GAO competition. Both single (e.g., acetate, propionate, glucose, ethanol, and amino acid) and complex carbon sources (e.g., yeast extract, peptone, and mixed carbon sources) are discussed in this review. Meanwhile, the environmental friendly and economical carbon sources that are derived from waste materials, such as crude glycerol and wasted sludge, are also discussed and compared.

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Review of Primary Sludge Fermentation Performance in South Africa and the USA

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Comparison between disintegrated and fermented sewage sludge for production of a carbon source suitable for biological nutrient removal

Comparison between disintegrated and fermented sewage sludge for production of a carbon source suitable for biological nutrient removal

Retrofitting conventional primary clarifiers to activated primary clarifiers to enhance nutrient removal and energy conservation in WWTPs in Beijing, China

Enhanced biological phosphorus removal with different carbon sources

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