Review of recent developments to improve storage and transportation stability of bio-oil

Yang, Zixu; Kumar, Ajay; Huhnke, Raymond L.

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.05.025

Cited by 159 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 110 publications

(197 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, catalytic hydrotreatment is foreseen as a key upgrading process for the valorization of bio-based feedstocks, such as lipids [37][38][39], pyrolysis oils [40,41], and bio-oils [42,43], for the production of high quality renewable fuels. As a result, this process was considered to be the necessary conversion step for the conversion of the mid-distillate fraction of pyrolysis oil to diesel fuel.…”

Section: Pyrolysis Oil Hydrotreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Diesel from Waste Plastics

Bezergianni

Dimitriadis

Faussone³

et al. 2017

Energies

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Abstract:The long term ambition of energy security and solidarity, coupled with the environmental concerns of problematic waste accumulation, is addressed via the proposed waste-to-fuel technology. Plastic waste is converted into automotive diesel fuel via a two-step thermochemical process based on pyrolysis and hydrotreatment. Plastic waste was pyrolyzed in a South East Asia plant rendering pyrolysis oil, which mostly consisted of middle-distillate (naphtha and diesel) hydrocarbons. The diesel fraction (170-370 • C) was fractionated, and its further upgrade was assessed in a hydroprocessing pilot plant at the Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH) in Greece. The final fuel was evaluated with respect to the diesel fuel quality specifications EN 590, which characterized it as a promising alternative diesel pool component with excellent ignition quality characteristics and low back end volatility.

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Section: Pyrolysis Oil Hydrotreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Diesel from Waste Plastics

Bezergianni

Dimitriadis

Faussone³

et al. 2017

Energies

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“…Another type of reaction is thermal degradation (at elevated temperature), which may lead to the decomposition of components and thus result in the loss of volatiles or an increase in viscosity [2]. These generate challenges in the handling, transportation, storage and use of bio-oil as a fuel [4,5]. In order to increase the stability of bio-oil, various methods (chemical and physical) have been proposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium) retained in ash/char act as catalysts, activating condensation reactions in the bio-oil. Consequently, removing these particular solid chars/ashes is vital in reducing the ageing process of bio-oil [2,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal stability of low and high Mw fractions of bio-oil derived from lignin conversion in subcritical water

Lyckeskog

Mattsson

Olausson

et al. 2016

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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The thermal stability of bio-oil influences its application in industry and is, therefore, a very important factor that must be taken into consideration. In this study, the stability of low and high molecular weight (Mw) fractions of bio-oil obtained from the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of lignin in subcritical water was studied at an elevated temperature (80°C) for a period of 1 h, 1 day and 1 week. The changes in molecular weight (gel permeation chromatography (GPC)) and chemical composition (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and 2D heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) NMR (18.8 T, DMSO-d 6 )) of low and high Mw fractions of the HTL bio-oil (i.e. light oil (LO) and heavy oil (HO)) were evaluated before and after ageing. It was found that only a slight formation of high Mw insoluble structures was obtained during ageing at elevated temperature for 1 week: 0.5% for the LO and 3.1% for the HO. These higher Mw moieties might be formed from different polymerisation/ condensation reactions of the reactive compounds (i.e. anisoles, guaiacols, phenols, methylene (-CH 2 -) groups in phenolic dimers and xanthene). The high Mw insolubles in both the LO and the HO were analysed for structural composition using 2D HSQC NMR to obtain a better understanding of the changes in the composition of bio-oil fractions during the accelerated ageing process. In addition, a chemical shift database in DMSO-d 6 was analysed for a subset of phenolic model compounds to simplify the interpretation of the 2D HSQC NMR spectra.

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“…It can clearly be observed that after this period, the total –OHN decreased to about half of that shown by freshly produced bio‐oil. As stated by Yang, Kumar and Huhnke , bio‐oils are an intermediate product, in which (due to thermodynamic instability) some species are still highly active, leading to changes in their chemical and physical properties. In the particular case of alcohols and acids, it seems to be likely that formation of esters by esterification of alcohols and acids (or by transesterification of two esters), addition reactions of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones to form hemiacetals or acetals, oxidation of alcohols, etc.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast pyrolysis bio‐oil as precursor of thermosetting epoxy resins

Sibaja

Adhikari²,

Celikbag

et al. 2017

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Fast pyrolysis bio‐oil was employed as a source of phenolic compounds in the production of a bio‐based polymeric network. The bio‐oil was reacted with epichlorohydrin in alkaline medium using benzyltriethylammonium chloride as a phase transfer catalyst. The amount of free phenolic hydroxyl groups before and after modification was quantified through 31P‐NMR spectroscopy; and the epoxy content of the bio‐oil upon the chemical functionalization was measured by means of a titration using HBr in acetic acid solution. Grafting of epoxy functions onto the monomer`s structure was studied by FTIR. Likewise, α‐resorcylic acid was also modified with reactive epoxy moieties, and used as low molecular weight comonomer. The epoxidized derivatives of the bio‐oil were cured in epoxy polymers with 4‐dimethylaminopyridine. Thermo‐mechanical characterization showed that the obtained materials behave as thermoset amorphous polymers, exhibiting modulus values ranging from approximately 1.5–3.4 GPa at room temperature and glass transition temperatures above 100°C. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:1296–1307, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Review of recent developments to improve storage and transportation stability of bio-oil

Cited by 159 publications

References 110 publications

Alternative Diesel from Waste Plastics

Alternative Diesel from Waste Plastics

Thermal stability of low and high Mw fractions of bio-oil derived from lignin conversion in subcritical water

Fast pyrolysis bio‐oil as precursor of thermosetting epoxy resins

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