Review of receptor modeling methods for source apportionment

Hopke, Philip K.

doi:10.1080/10962247.2016.1140693

Cited by 499 publications

(276 citation statements)

References 172 publications

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“…EPA, 2014), while the best practice and standards are extensively reviewed in several papers (e.g. Reff et al, 2007;Belis et al, 2014;Brown et al, 2015;Hopke, 2016). SMPS data at 5 min resolution were used as the PMF input matrix.…”

Section: Data Handling and Chemometric Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of sub-micrometre particles near a major international airport

Masiol

Harrison

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. The international airport of Heathrow is a major source of nitrogen oxides, but its contribution to the levels of sub-micrometre particles is unknown and is the objective of this study. Two sampling campaigns were carried out during warm and cold seasons at a site close to the airfield (1.2 km). Size spectra were largely dominated by ultrafine particles: nucleation particles (< 30 nm) were found to be ∼ 10 times higher than those commonly measured in urban background environments of London. Five clusters and six factors were identified by applying k means cluster analysis and positive matrix factorisation (PMF), respectively, to particle number size distributions; their interpretation was based on their modal structures, wind directionality, diurnal patterns, road and airport traffic volumes, and on the relationship with weather and other air pollutants. Airport emissions, fresh and aged road traffic, urban accumulation mode, and two secondary sources were then identified and apportioned. The fingerprint of Heathrow has a characteristic modal structure peaking at < 20 nm and accounts for 30-35 % of total particles in both the seasons. Other main contributors are fresh (24-36 %) and aged (16-21 %) road traffic emissions and urban accumulation from London (around 10 %). Secondary sources accounted for less than 6 % in number concentrations but for more than 50 % in volume concentration. The analysis of a strong regional nucleation event showed that both the cluster categorisation and PMF contributions were affected during the first 6 h of the event. In 2016, the UK government provisionally approved the construction of a third runway; therefore the direct and indirect impact of Heathrow on local air quality is expected to increase unless mitigation strategies are applied successfully.

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Section: Data Handling and Chemometric Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of sub-micrometre particles near a major international airport

Masiol

Harrison

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…To account for uncertainties in back trajectory analysis, every hour a set of 15 back trajectories was calculated that was composed of five different plane locations (one exactly at the measurement station and four in close proximity around it) at three altitudes (100, 200 and 300 m above the surface level). We apply the PSCF model according to Hopke (2016) on hourly average N CN values with the 75 % percentile as threshold value. The threshold value defines which N CN value is considered as a high concentration.…”

Section: Pscf Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of aerosol and CCN properties in the Mackenzie River delta (Canadian Arctic) during spring–summer transition in May 2014

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Within the framework of the RACEPAC (Radiation-Aerosol-Cloud Experiment in the Arctic Circle) project, the Arctic aerosol, arriving at a ground-based station in Tuktoyaktuk (Mackenzie River delta area, Canada), was characterized during a period of 3 weeks in May 2014. Basic meteorological parameters and particle number size distributions (PNSDs) were observed and two distinct types of air masses were found. One type were typical Arctic haze air masses, termed accumulation-type air masses, characterized by a monomodal PNSD with a pronounced accumulation mode at sizes above 100 nm. These air masses were observed during a period when back trajectories indicate an air mass origin in the north-east of Canada. The other air mass type is characterized by a bimodal PNSD with a clear minimum around 90 nm and with an Aitken mode consisting of freshly formed aerosol particles. Back trajectories indicate that these air masses, termed Aitken-type air masses, originated from the North Pacific. In addition, the application of the PSCF receptor model shows that air masses with their origin in active fire areas in central Canada and Siberia, in areas of industrial anthropogenic pollution (Norilsk and Prudhoe Bay Oil Field) and the north-west Pacific have enhanced total particle number concentrations (N CN ). Generally, N CN ranged from 20 to 500 cm −3 , while cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentrations were found to cover a range from less than 10 up to 250 cm −3 for a supersaturation (SS) between 0.1 and 0.7 %. The hygroscopicity parameter κ of the CCN was determined to be 0.23 on average and variations in κ were largely attributed to measurement uncertainties.Furthermore, simultaneous PNSD measurements at the ground station and on the Polar 6 research aircraft were performed. We found a good agreement of ground-based PNSDs with those measured between 200 and 1200 m. During two of the four overflights, particle number concentrations at 3000 m were found to be up to 20 times higher than those measured below 2000 m; for one of these two flights, PNSDs measured above 2000 m showed a different shape than those measured at lower altitudes. This is indicative of long-range transport from lower latitudes into the Arctic that can advect aerosol from different regions in different heights.

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“…These methods include Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF) (Ashbaugh et al, 1985;Zeng and Hopke, 1989), Residence Time Weighted Concentration (RTWC) (Stohl, 1996;Zhou et al, 2004), and Simplified Quantitative Trajectory Bias Analysis (SQTBA) (Zhou et al, 2004;Brook et al, 2004). These methods have been described in detail by Hopke (2016). The trajectories were computed using HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model (Stein et al, 2015), based on the NOAA-NCEP/NCAR Global Reanalysis data with 2.5° × 2.5° horizontal resolution and 17 pressure levels (Kalnay et al, 1996).…”

Section: Trajectory Ensemble Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trajectory-Based Models and Remote Sensing for Biomass Burning Assessment in Bangladesh

Ommi

Emami

Zíková

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Biomass burning is a major global source of fine primary carbonaceous particles including strongly light absorbing compounds and marker compounds. In a prior study, particulate matter (PM) sampling was conducted during 2010-2012 period at sites in Rajshahi, Dhaka, Khulna, and Chittagong. PM samples were collected using dichotomous samplers in the PM 2.5 and PM 2.5-10 size fractions. The samples were analyzed for mass, black carbon at 370 nm (UVBC) and 880 nm (BC), Delta-C (UVBC-BC), and elemental compositions with X-ray fluorescence. Source apportionment using PMF was performed to identify and quantify the PM sources. Results showed that biomass burning contributions during winters in Rajshahi were substantially higher than in Dhaka, Khulna, or Chittagong. Agricultural burning areas of the Indo-Gangetic Plain were hypnotized as the primary source region. The present study explores the relationships between the source regions using trajectory ensemble models and determines if transported biomass PM has disproportionately affected air quality in Rajshahi. The probable source locations that were identified included Pakistan, northern India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Northeastern India, and Myanmar. To assess the model results, satellite measurements of fire radiative power (FRP) were calculated based on fire data acquired by the MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) sensor in six defined areas. High fire occurrences from MODIS coincident with the source regions identified in Nepal, Northeastern India and Myanmar in winter. The instantaneous FRP values ranged between 4.4 MW and 2449 MW. The mean winter FRP values for Nepal and Northeastern India were higher than for the other regions with Nepal having the overall highest value. Fire locations with their mean power, NASA Satellite pictures and particles speed along trajectories have been analyzed. In summary, the integrated outcome of the different techniques has identified Northern India and Nepal as the main source area responsible for the increased biomass burning concentration difference at Rajshahi.

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Review of receptor modeling methods for source apportionment

Cited by 499 publications

References 172 publications

Sources of sub-micrometre particles near a major international airport

Sources of sub-micrometre particles near a major international airport

Measurements of aerosol and CCN properties in the Mackenzie River delta (Canadian Arctic) during spring–summer transition in May 2014

Trajectory-Based Models and Remote Sensing for Biomass Burning Assessment in Bangladesh

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