Review of reduced‐switch multilevel inverters for electric vehicle applications

Abstract

This paper deals with the detailed review and comparative analysis of latest reduced switch multilevel inverter topologies for electric vehicle applications. The recent trends in reduced‐switch multilevel inverters are discussed. Detailed review of the reduced‐switch multilevel inverter topologies, their merits and demerits, and the comparative analysis based on component count, total harmonic distortion, and efficiency are conducted. This paper gives a detailed review of recent trends in reduced‐switch multilevel inverter topologies for electric vehicle applications. Switching pattern of the topologies is provided for better understanding of the inverter operation. Comparative analysis of the reduced‐switch inverter topologies based on the component count, total harmonic distortion of output voltage, and efficiency is also presented in this paper. Based on the comparative analysis, it is observed that the interleaved nine‐level flying capacitor multilevel inverter topology achieved the lowest output voltage distortion of 1.6%, which is within the acceptable limits of IEEE 519‐2014 standard. It is observed that the three‐level active neutral point clamped multilevel inverter topology achieved the highest working efficiency of 99.4%. This paper discusses the most recent trends in reduced‐switch multilevel inverters. A comprehensive review of the recent publications and a crisp comparative analysis of the different inverter configurations based on component count, harmonic distortion of output voltage, and efficiency are presented in this paper.

Multilevel Inverter fed Direct Torque and Flux Control‐Space Vector Modulation of Speed Sensorless Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor drive with Improved Steady State and Dynamic Characteristics

“…To derive the expression of estimated speed, the and are assumed as mentioned. The expression of estimated speed obtained by applying Popov's integral stability concept for current errors 8 and the expression is shown in Equation 16. The adaptive mechanism is briefly represented in Figure 6.…”

“…Because of permanent magnets, PMSM is able to produce torque under zero speed condition also. There are various types of speed control techniques are available such as scalar control, vector controls and model predictive controls (MPC) 3–14 . The vector control method further classified as field‐oriented control (FOC), 2,3 direct torque control (DTC), 4–6 and direct torque and flux control with space vector modulation (DTFC‐SVM) 15,16 …”

“…There are various types of speed control techniques are available such as scalar control, vector controls and model predictive controls (MPC). [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The vector control method further classified as field-oriented control (FOC), 2,3 direct torque control (DTC), [4][5][6] and direct torque and flux control with space vector modulation (DTFC-SVM). 15,16 The MPC and DTFC-SVM techniques are more commonly used in various industrial applications because of certain drawbacks and limitations associated with other speed control techniques like FOC and DTC.…”

“…The multilevel inverters (MLIs) grab more attention while improving performance of AC motor drives in medium to high voltage applications by improving the system performance under steady state and dynamic conditions along with reduced ripples in torque and also total harmonic distortions (THDs) in line voltage and currents. [9][10][11][12][13][14] Different MLI configurations are discussed in previous works, [7][8][9] such as diode clamped, cascaded H-bridge, and flying back capacitor. These MLI are more prominent because of its peculiar advantages like reduced voltage stress across the semiconductor switches, creating feasibility to incorporate fault tolerant applications such that it improves the reliability of the system and it requires lower voltage, power rating of semiconductor devices.…”

Nonlinear models of power inductors: A survey

“…5 In this context, switch-mode power supplies (SMPSs) interfacing batteries, motors, and other electrical loads are widely exploited. 6 SMPSs convert input power at a given voltage and current level to output power at a different voltage and current level, by storing energy in capacitors and inductors, converting that energy into packets using semiconductor switches, and then releasing packets to the output. Achieving a high power density (defined as the ratio between power and volume) is of paramount importance in the automotive and aerospace fields since smaller and therefore lighter converters contribute to lowering the overall vehicle power consumption, 4,5,[7][8][9] and size can be an issue especially in small vehicles.…”