Review of regulating Zn²⁺ solvation structures in aqueous zinc-ion batteries

Abstract

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries, due to their high power density, intrinsic safety, low cost, and environmental benign, have attracted tremendous attentions recently. However, their application is severely plagued by the inferior energy density and short cycling life, which was mainly ascribed to narrow potential window induced by water decomposition, zinc dendrites, and side reactions, all of which are highly related with the Zn2+ solvation structures in the aqueous electrolyte. Therefore, in this review, we comprehensively summarized the regulating strategies of Zn2+ solvation structures, specially, the effect of zinc salts, co-solvents, and functional additives on the Zn2+ solvation structures and the corresponding electrochemical performance of aqueous zinc-ion batteries. Moreover, future perspectives focused on the challenges and possible solutions for design and commercialization of aqueous electrolytes with unique solvation structures are provided.

Tailoring desolvation strategies for aqueous zinc-ion batteries

“…Furthermore, incorporating various theoretical calculations such as density functional theory calculations, finite element modeling, molecular dynamics simulations, and Arrhenius equations based on charge transfer resistance is imperative. 119 Enhanced and innovative characterization methods facilitate a deeper comprehension of battery dynamics, enabling a more accurate assessment of the merits and drawbacks of modified materials and solutions in achieving superior performance of AZIBs. For instance, Zhou et al 120 introduced a real-time comprehensive characterization system called the “3M” system.…”