“…The state estimation algorithms, such as a state observer or an extended Kalman filter, are also adopted to estimate the rotor position and the speed (Batzel & Lee, 2005). Other rotor position estimation techniques reported in (Carpaneto, et al, 2009;Cheng & Tzou, 2003;Johnson, et al, 1999;Sungyoon, et al, 2010;Yousfi, 2009) are based on the flux linkages, which can be obtained from the stator voltages and the currents of the motors. The flux linkage based methods operate accurately over a wide speed range and can be applied to the PM Brushless motors with either trapezoidal or sinusoidal Back-EMFs.…”