Review of Shale Oil and Gas Refracturing: Techniques and Field Applications

Abstract

Shale oil and gas wells usually experience a rapid decline in production due to their extremely low permeability and strong heterogeneity. As a crucial technique to harness potential and elevate extraction rates in aged wells (formations), refracturing is increasingly employed within oil and gas reservoirs globally. At present, the selection processes for refracturing, both of wells and layers, are somewhat subjective and necessitate considerable field data. However, the status of fracturing technology is difficult to control precisely, and the difference in construction effects is large. In this paper, well selection, formation selection, and the fracturing technology of shale oil and gas refracturing are deeply analyzed, and the technological status and main technical direction of refracturing technology at home and abroad are analyzed and summarized. The applicability, application potential, and main technical challenges of existing technology for different wells are discussed, combined with the field production dynamics. The results show that well and layer selection is the key to the successful application of refracturing technology, and the geological engineering parameters closely related to the remaining reservoir reserves and formation energy should be considered as the screening parameters. General temporary plugging refracturing technology has a low cost and a simple process, but it is difficult to accurately control the location of temporary plugging, and the construction effect is very different. Mechanical isolation refracturing technology permits the exact refurbishment of regions untouched by the initial fracturing. However, it is costly and complex in terms of construction. Consequently, cutting the costs of mechanical isolation refracturing technology stands as a pivotal research direction.

Development and Characterization of the Shale Stratum Well Wall Stabilized with Nanosomal Sealing Agent

“…Inorganic nanoparticles exhibit remarkable properties like superior surface energy, rigidity, impeccable dimensional stability, and excellent thermal stability and are exemplified in materials such as graphite [ 13 ], silica [ 14 ], calcium carbonate [ 15 ], etc. However, their large specific surface area makes them prone to agglomeration and poor dispersion, significantly affecting the sealing performance [ 16 ]. Organic nanoparticles have strong elasticity and can be compressed and deformed under certain temperatures and pressures to enter the shale formation for plugging.…”