Review of Space-Division Multiplexing Technologies in Optical Communications

Awaji, Yoshinari

doi:10.1587/transcom.2017ebi0002

Cited by 30 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 142 publications

(138 reference statements)

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“…The exponential growth of the data demand has led to an imminent optical networks exhaustion [1], [2]. Space Division Multiplexing (SDM) has the potential to be an efficient and, therefore, sustainable approach to solve it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Space Division Multiplexing (SDM) has the potential to be an efficient and, therefore, sustainable approach to solve it. SDM has been pointed out as a way to overcome the limit of the capacity of the standard single-mode fiber (SMF) as it adds new pathways to deliver even more data [2], [3]. It can be implemented using multi-core fibers (MCFs), few-mode fibers or the combination of both [2], [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-Period Grating Based Coupler for Multi-Core Fiber Systems

Sousa

Vieira

Facão

et al. 2021

J. Lightwave Technol.

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In this work, we propose and demonstrate numerically a long-period grating (LPG) based technique to couple light from a single-mode fiber (SMF) to all cores of a multicore fiber (MCF), i.e., an SMF to MCF coupler. The light launched into the SMF core is coupled to the SMF cladding due to the LPG inscribed in the core. Then, the optical power is transferred between fibers claddings, enhanced by the reduction of the SMF cladding radius. Finally, the MCF cladding optical power is distributed by all cores of the MCF due to identical LPGs inscribed in them. We use the coupled-mode theory to study and design the proposed device. We achieve a coupling efficiency of approximately 90% of the input power in a total length of 15.1 cm. We also study the coupler's sensitivity to the SMF radius and LPGs period. Results show that the proposed device can improve the pumping efficiency of MCF amplifiers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Period Grating Based Coupler for Multi-Core Fiber Systems

Sousa

Vieira

Facão

et al. 2021

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…Moreover, multi-core fibers that allow a few-mode core to combine the fibers results in an extra 100 optical channels in each transmission, as well as throughputs of over 1 Pb/s [10]. Recently MCF-based fiber-optic transmission, a capacity of 1 Pb/s per 32-core fiber has been achieved [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-core Fiber Technology

Anis¹,

Ali²

2021

Fiber Optics - Technology and Applications

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Traditional single-mode fiber capacity issues will be mitigated by using space-division multiplexing in future 5G, IoT, and M2M networks. Multi-core fibers are expected as a good candidate for overcoming the capacity limit of a current optical communication system. This chapter describes the recent progress on the Multi-core fibers technology for the application of high capacity space-division multiplexing to be utilized for long-distance transmission systems. Further various optical approaches that enable key functions are discussed, including SDM MUX/DeMUX, switches, transceivers to enable next generation optical network. Moreover, issues like crosstalk, non-linearity is a potential limitation on the achievable data-rates in optical fiber transmission systems using multi-core fibers will be discussed.

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“…Implementation of spatial division multiplexing in modern coherent communication systems that use both the amplitude and phase of the optical signal is based on the sophisticated and relatively expensive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processing schemes, which rely on bulk optics 12 – 14 . The technical challenge in using multi-core and FMFs to increase system capacity is related to the need to use adaptive MIMO processing techniques for spatial de-multiplexing and to dynamically compensate for the differential mode group delays.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast mode decomposition in few-mode fibers

2020

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Retrieval of the optical phase information from measurement of intensity is of a high interest because this would facilitate simple and cost-efficient techniques and devices. In scientific and industrial applications that exploit multi-mode fibers, a prior knowledge of spatial mode structure of the fiber, in principle, makes it possible to recover phases using measured intensity distribution. However, current mode decomposition algorithms based on the analysis of the intensity distribution at the output of a few-mode fiber, such as optimization methods or neural networks, still have high computational costs and high latency that is a serious impediment for applications, such as telecommunications. Speed of signal processing is one of the key challenges in this approach. We present a high-performance mode decomposition algorithm with a processing time of tens of microseconds. The proposed mathematical algorithm that does not use any machine learning techniques, is several orders of magnitude faster than the state-of-the-art deep-learning-based methods. We anticipate that our results can stimulate further research on algorithms beyond popular machine learning methods and they can lead to the development of low-cost phase retrieval receivers for various applications of few-mode fibers ranging from imaging to telecommunications.

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Review of Space-Division Multiplexing Technologies in Optical Communications

Cited by 30 publications

References 142 publications

Long-Period Grating Based Coupler for Multi-Core Fiber Systems

Long-Period Grating Based Coupler for Multi-Core Fiber Systems

Multi-core Fiber Technology

Fast mode decomposition in few-mode fibers

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