Review of state of the art in smart rotor control research for wind turbines

Barlas, Thanasis K.; Kuik, G.A.M. van

doi:10.1016/j.paerosci.2009.08.002

Cited by 447 publications

(280 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Piezoelectric materials and shape memory alloys are generally the most famous smart materials used in actuators in various applications. The development of their technology has reached a quite high level and commercial solutions are available and widely used [31].…”

Section: Smart Blade Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind Turbine Blade Design

Schubel¹,

Crossley²

2014

Wind Turbine Technology

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A detailed review of the current state-of-art for wind turbine blade design is presented, including theoretical maximum efficiency, propulsion, practical efficiency, HAWT blade design, and blade loads. The review provides a complete picture of wind turbine blade design and shows the dominance of modern turbines almost exclusive use of horizontal axis rotors. The aerodynamic design principles for a modern wind turbine blade are detailed, including blade plan shape/quantity, aerofoil selection and optimal attack angles. A detailed review of design loads on wind turbine blades is offered, describing aerodynamic, gravitational, centrifugal, gyroscopic and operational conditions.

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Section: Smart Blade Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind Turbine Blade Design

Schubel¹,

Crossley²

2014

Wind Turbine Technology

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“…The interaction of the unsteady effects are not fully understood, hence more precise predictions of the unsteady lift overshoot are required (Leishman & Bagai 1998;van Kuik et al 2014). Moreover, the recent and dramatic rise in wind energy demands robust design of wind turbines -whose blades are exposed to large angle of attack variations and to highly unsteady flows produced by, inter alia, yaw misalignments, atmospheric turbulence and the atmospheric boundary layer -for the prediction of maximum fatigue loads (Barlas & Van Kuik 2010). Furthermore, wind turbine noise is highly affected by unsteady aerodynamics and noise reduction is an important research field (Wagner, Bareiss & Guidati 1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Airfoil in a high amplitude oscillating stream

et al. 2016

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A combined theoretical and experimental investigation was carried out with the objective of evaluating theoretical predictions relating to a two-dimensional airfoil subjected to high amplitude harmonic oscillation of the free stream at constant angle of attack. Current theoretical approaches were reviewed and extended for the purposes of quantifying the bound, unsteady vortex sheet strength along the airfoil chord. This resulted in a closed form solution that is valid for arbitrary reduced frequencies and amplitudes. In the experiments, the bound, unsteady vortex strength of a symmetric 18 % thick airfoil at low angles of attack was measured in a dedicated unsteady wind tunnel at maximum reduced frequencies of 0.1 and at velocity oscillations less than or equal to 50 %. With the boundary layer tripped near the leading edge and mid-chord, the phase and amplitude variations of the lift coefficient corresponded reasonably well with the theory. Near the maximum lift coefficient overshoot, the data exhibited an additional high-frequency oscillation. Comparisons of the measured and predicted vortex sheet indicated the existence of a recirculation bubble upstream of the trailing edge which sheds into the wake and modifies the Kutta condition. Without boundary layer tripping, a mid-chord bubble is present that strengthens during flow deceleration and its shedding produces a dramatically different effect. Instead of a lift coefficient overshoot, as per the theory, the data exhibit a significant undershoot. This undershoot is also accompanied by high-frequency oscillations that are characterized by the bubble shedding. In summary, the location of bubble and its subsequent shedding play decisive roles in the resulting temporal aerodynamic loads.

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“…Understanding, designing and optimizing flows is crucial, e.g., for improving fuel injections [1], combustions [2,3], fuel cells [4], wind turbines [5], turbomachines [6], human air and blood flows in medicine [7,8], as well as for the fundamental task of modeling flow turbulence [9]. For this purpose, optical measurement methods are essential tools that promise fast and precise field measurements of complex flows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging Flow Velocimetry with Laser Mie Scattering

Fischer

2017

Applied Sciences

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Abstract:Imaging flow velocity measurements are essential for the investigation of unsteady complex flow phenomena, e.g., in turbomachines, injectors and combustors. The direct optical measurement on fluid molecules is possible with laser Rayleigh scattering and the Doppler effect. However, the small scattering cross-section results in a low signal to noise ratio, which hinders time-resolved measurements of the flow field. For this reason, the signal to noise ratio is increased by using laser Mie scattering on micrometer-sized particles that follow the flow with negligible slip. Finally, the ongoing development of powerful lasers and fast, sensitive cameras has boosted the performance of several imaging methods for flow velocimetry. The article describes the different flow measurement principles, as well as the fundamental physical measurement limits. Furthermore, the evolution to an imaging technique is outlined for each measurement principle by reviewing recent advances and applications. As a result, the progress, the challenges and the perspectives for high-speed imaging flow velocimetry are considered.

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Review of state of the art in smart rotor control research for wind turbines

Cited by 447 publications

References 79 publications

Wind Turbine Blade Design

Wind Turbine Blade Design

Airfoil in a high amplitude oscillating stream

Imaging Flow Velocimetry with Laser Mie Scattering

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