Review of Synchronization Algorithms used in Grid-Connected Renewable Agents

Guerrero-Rodríguez, N.F.; Rey-Boué, Alexis B.; Rigas, A.; Kleftakis, Vasilis

doi:10.24084/repqj12.300

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…At the AC side, the reference voltages that apply to both the upper and lower arms inside the MMC (v* ux and v* lx ) are obtained by (20), which is derived from the addition and subtraction of ( 11) and ( 13), generating first the output voltage reference (v* ox ) and then the circulating current reduction voltage reference (v* zx ). As described in Figure 2c, the process of controlling v* ox begins by measuring the three output currents, i oa , i ob and i oc , obtaining the corresponding i od and i oq as a result of the synchronization with the grid by a dq frame-based phase-locked loop (PLL) [50,51]. As DC signals, these i od and i oq currents are easily managed by using PI regulators; the d component is used to control the active power and regulate the V dc voltage; meanwhile, the q component reduces the reactive power sent to the grid.…”

Section: Control Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nearest Vector Control Method Applied to an MMC for PV Generation

Bakir,

de Pablo,

Martinez-Rodrigo

et al. 2024

Energies

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This paper proposes a new and simplified Nearest Vector Control (NVC) modulation technique for a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system using a Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC). Compared to the Nearest Level Control (NLC) technique, which defines three independent states for the three phases of medium to large four-wire multilevel converters, NVC offers a more coordinated behavior for three-wire converters. The proposed scheme is easy to implement, and it simplifies the understanding of using vectors when detecting the vector of the converter nearest to a given reference. Because it uses natural coordinates, namely, ab, bc and ca, the proposed method is easier to understand and more useful for further developments. Compared with earlier NVC methods, this approach offers full independence of the number of levels at the converter and it can readily accommodate changes in the number of levels, with no need for lookup tables or artificial coordinate transformations. The proposed NVC method was implemented on a 16-cell MMC used for PV generation and then it was compared to NLC, leading to a smaller and more consistent low-order harmonic distortion, requiring about the same complexity of implementation. Furthermore, in comparison to NLC, when applying the proposed NVC modulation, a behavior more insensitive to changes in the grid voltage was found, the most hazardous odd harmonics from the 5th to the 19th were reduced, and a consistent reduction of about 25 dB was achieved on the 5th and 7th harmonics. The newly proposed method is supported by simulations and experimental results with constant and sharply changing solar irradiance, leaving or removing the 100 Hz component of the MMC circulating currents.

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Section: Control Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nearest Vector Control Method Applied to an MMC for PV Generation

Bakir,

de Pablo,

Martinez-Rodrigo

et al. 2024

Energies

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“…This problem can be solved by adding a simple low pass filter to the system. While the addition of low pass filter improves the stability of the system, it greatly reduces the dynamic response of the system [9], [17]- [18].…”

Section: Synchronous Reference Frame-pllmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance analysis of SRF-PLL and DDSRF-PLL algorithms for grid interactive inverters

Sevilmiş

Karaca

2019

International Advanced Researches and Engineering Journal

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In grid interactive power converter applications, phase locked loop (PLL) algorithms are very important to realize grid synchronization. The performance of PLL should not be affected by adverse conditions such as voltage unbalance, harmonics, frequency and phase changes. Otherwise, synchronization errors occur between the grid interactive inverter and the grid. In this paper, two different PLL algorithms are simulated by modeling under MATLAB/Simulink. The performances of the PLLs are comparatively presented under four different grid conditions such as balanced, unbalanced, harmonics and variable frequency. In this study, synchronous reference frame-PLL (SRF-PLL) and decoupled double synchronous reference frame-PLL (DDSRF-PLL) which are mostly used, state-of-arts and effective PLL algorithms are analyzed by modeling in grid synchronization applications. It has also been demonstrated the positive and negative aspects of the PLLs based on the obtained results.

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