Review of Testing for Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Bylund, David J.; Ziegner, Ulrike; Hooper, Dennis G.

doi:10.1016/s0272-2712(18)30517-1

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 186 publications

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“…We investigated the interaction among PMNs and HIV-infected mononuclear ceils because PMNs are the predominant cells recruited during acute STD. Coculture with mitogen-stimulated PBMCs from HIV-seronegative donors and IL-2 is the standard method to induce HIV replication from HIVseropositive patients' mononuclear cells (35). Using this coculture of "mixed lymphocytes" the reported rates of positive viral cultures varied from 70 to 100% (35).…”

Section: Pmns From Hiv-seronegative Donors Induce Hiv Replication By mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coculture with mitogen-stimulated PBMCs from HIV-seronegative donors and IL-2 is the standard method to induce HIV replication from HIVseropositive patients' mononuclear cells (35). Using this coculture of "mixed lymphocytes" the reported rates of positive viral cultures varied from 70 to 100% (35). As expected, we did not detect HIV p24 antigen when mononuclear cells from HIV-seropositive patients were cultured alone in medium or in medium containing 10% IL-2 (n = 3 and 13; Fig.…”

Section: Pmns From Hiv-seronegative Donors Induce Hiv Replication By mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neutrophils from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seronegative donors induce HIV replication from HIV-infected patients' mononuclear cells and cell lines: an in vitro model of HIV transmission facilitated by Chlamydia trachomatis.

et al. 1995

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Infection with a sexually transmitted disease (STD) increases the risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are recruited into the genital tract by STD pathogens, such as Chlamydia trachomatis. Semen of HIV-infected men contains HIV associated with mononuclear cells. This study investigated the interaction among PMNs from HIV-uninfected persons, C. trachomatis, and HIV-infected cells and examined the mechanisms for enhanced HIV replication. We demonstrated that PMNs from HIV-seronegative donors induced HIV replication in mononuclear cells from 17 HIV-infected patients in medium without exogenous IL-2. HIV in the cell-free supernatants from cocultures of PMNs and patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was replication competent, as indicated by their capacity to propagate HIV in a second round of culture using PBMCs from HIV-seronegative individuals and by the fact that proviral DNA was found in these cells. PMNs from HIV-seronegative donors increased HIV replication over 100-fold in chronically HIV-infected cell lines of the monocytic, T, and B cell lineages. Moreover, PMNs increased U1 cells' production of p24 antigen by as much as ninefold when compared with U1 cells cocultured with PBMCs. The addition of C. trachomatis to PMN and U1 coculture increased HIV replication by an additional ninefold at 24 h, whereas C. trachomatis alone had no effect on p24 antigen production by U1 cells. Thus, C. trachomatis serves not only to recruit PMNs, but also to interact with PMNs to increase HIV replication. HIV replication is triggered by contact of HIV-infected cells with PMNs, by the generation of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs), and by soluble factors such as TNF-alpha and IL-6. This is based on the findings that production of p24 antigen, IL-6, and TNF-alpha induced by PMNs is abrogated by disrupting or partitioning PMNs from HIV-infected cells; is inhibited by superoxide dismutase and catalase, enzymes that destroy ROIs; is enhanced by differentiated HL60 cells capable of producing ROIs; and is induced by PMNs tested negative for CMV. Furthermore, the production of ROIs is independent of HIV infection of mononuclear cells, since PMNs cocultured with HIV-uninfected parental monocytic and T cell lines generated ROIs. Therefore, the increased risk for acquiring HIV infection associated with chlamydia cervicitis may be related to the local recruitment of PMNs by C. trachomatis and the induction of infectious virus from mononuclear cells present in semen. These observations provide a rationale for strategies to reduce HIV transmission by control of STD.

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Section: Pmns From Hiv-seronegative Donors Induce Hiv Replication By mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pmns From Hiv-seronegative Donors Induce Hiv Replication By mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophils from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seronegative donors induce HIV replication from HIV-infected patients' mononuclear cells and cell lines: an in vitro model of HIV transmission facilitated by Chlamydia trachomatis.

et al. 1995

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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“…At a minimum, therefore, the TEA-induced Ca2+ signal might provide the basis for an AD screening test for older populations, in much the same way that the tuberculin skin test (using purified protein derivative, PPD) usefully screens for tuberculosis (39,40) or an ELISA test screens for AIDS (41,42). At a maximum, the TEA-elicited Ca2+ signal might also provide a new means of excluding other neurologic, psychiatric, and medical disorders which now can be assessed with a variety of clinical and laboratory methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potassium channel dysfunction in fibroblasts identifies patients with Alzheimer disease.

Etcheberrigaray

Ito

Oka

et al. 1993

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

120

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Since memory loss is characteristic of Alzheimer disease (AD), and since K+ channels change during acquisition of memory in both molluscs and mammals, we investigated K+ channel function as a possible site of AD pathology and, therefore, as a possible diagnostic index as well. A 113-pS tetraethylammonium (TEA)-sensitive K+ channel was consistently absent from AD fibroblasts, while it was often present in young and aged control fibroblasts. A second (166-pS) K+ (28). Membrane potential was measured both prior to obtaining outside-out patches and by using the "perforated-patch" technique (28,37). Before recording, culture medium was replaced with the following solution (mM): NaCl 150, KCI 5, CaCl2 2, MgCl2 1, Hepes (NaOH) 10, pH = 7.4. Pipettes were made from Blue Tip capillary tubes (i.d. 1.1-1.2 mm) by using a BB-CH Mecanex puller and then filled with a high-K+ solution (mM): KCI 140, CaCl2 2, MgCl2 1, Hepes (NaOH) 10, pH = 7.4. Pipette resistances were -6 MQl. Records were obtained by using an Axopatch-1C amplifier (dc to 10 kHz), stored on tape (Toshiba PCM video recorder), and later transferred to a personal computer using an Axolab interface. Only recordings lasting for at least 3 min were considered for final analysis. The pClamp suite of programs was used for singlechannel data acquisition and analysis. Amplifier, interface, and software were obtained from Axon Instruments (Foster

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“…It is wellknown that arterial catheters are very rarely the origin of bloodstream infection, and in a study involving patients with major heart surgery, arterial catheters accounted for only 0.15% of the cases of bloodstream infection [3,4]. In our study involving needleless closed system devices, arterial lines were an extremely rare cause of bacteremia (OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.1-0.4) [5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 54%

“…False-positive results of ELISA tests for HIV have been observed during pregnancy and in patients with cirrhosis of the liver, multiple myeloma, and other parasitic diseases [3][4][5]. We postulate that hypergammaglobulinemia found in our patient, resulting from polyclonal activation, which is commonly associated with visceral leishmaniasis, probably accounted for a cross-reaction to HIV antigens.…”

Section: Refrain From Telling Bad News: Patients With Leishmaniasis Cmentioning

confidence: 70%

Refrain from Telling Bad News: Patients with Leishmaniasis Can Have False-Positive HIV Test Results

Salinas

Górgolas

Fernández-Guerrero

2007

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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Review of Testing for Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Cited by 24 publications

References 186 publications

Neutrophils from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seronegative donors induce HIV replication from HIV-infected patients' mononuclear cells and cell lines: an in vitro model of HIV transmission facilitated by Chlamydia trachomatis.

Neutrophils from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seronegative donors induce HIV replication from HIV-infected patients' mononuclear cells and cell lines: an in vitro model of HIV transmission facilitated by Chlamydia trachomatis.

Potassium channel dysfunction in fibroblasts identifies patients with Alzheimer disease.

Refrain from Telling Bad News: Patients with Leishmaniasis Can Have False-Positive HIV Test Results

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