Review of tests contributing to the occupational therapy off‐road driver assessment

Unsworth, Carolyn A.; Lovell, Robin; Terrington, Nichola; Thomas, Samantha

doi:10.1111/j.1440-1630.2005.00456.x

Cited by 53 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…However, the more the off-road tests simulate driving i.e., the higher the face validity, the more clinically relevant they are considered to be (Anstey et al, 2005). Although most cognitive tests do not define cut-off scores to determine whether the client is a safe driver (Dobbs et al, 1998;Reger et al, 2004;Selander et al, 2010), they do provide the assessor with information about the client's cognitive functions that may have to be further assessed during an on-road assessment (Unsworth et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Older drivers: On-road and off-road test results

Selander

Lee

Johansson

et al. 2011

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Older drivers: On-road and off-road test results

Selander

Lee

Johansson

et al. 2011

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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“…Many of the off-road cognitive or perceptual assessments have limited evidence of reliability and validity (Unsworth, Lovell, Terrington & Thomas, 2005), and as few as 5% of driving assessors base their decisions on safety to drive on the off-road cognitive or perceptual assessments alone (Mazer et al, 1998). The on-road driver assessment component has been found to be the most important component of the comprehensive driving assessment procedure, and there is a growing body of research around the validity and reliability of these tests (Kay, Bundy & Clemson, 2009;Ponsford et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective cohort study of accident outcomes for individuals who have successfully undergone driver assessment following stroke

Pearce

Smead

Cameron

2011

Aus Occup Therapy J

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Background: The occupational role of 'driver' is highly valued. Stroke can have a significant impact on an individual's ability to drive safely. Multi-disciplinary driver assessments are conducted to assess the safety of poststroke individuals returning to driving, however, little follow-up of drivers following successful assessment has been performed. Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate whether passing a multi-disciplinary driving assessment following stroke predicted medium-to long-term safe and confident driving. Methods: A retrospective cohort study with primary data collection through structured telephone interviews was undertaken. Respondents were individuals post-stroke aged 18-74 years who had successfully passed a multi-disciplinary driver assessment. Results: Forty-five respondents were interviewed an average of 20 months following the assessment. Forty individuals were still driving. Twenty-five driving respondents reported driving in conditions that indicated confident driving. Confident driving was measured by driving frequency and distance, night driving, freeway driving and driving alone. The frequency of accidents and incidents suggests that 95% (n = 38) of drivers are 'safe'. Eight respondents reported accidents, one of which was major. In two accidents the respondent was 'at fault'. A crash rate of 222 per 100,000 drivers is within the confidence interval for similar accidents in New South Wales. Conclusions:The results of this small cohort study suggest that a multi-disciplinary driver assessment may be effective in identifying people following stroke with the ability to drive safely and confidently.

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“…A driver-trained occupational therapist conducts off and on-road driving assessments in many countries, often assisted by a driving instructor on-road (Unsworth, Lovell, Terrington & Thomas, 2005). The off-road assessment typically involves motor and cognitive testing to identify areas requiring observation on-road (Akinwuntan, Feys, Weerdt, Baten & Kiekens, 2006;Unsworth et al, 2005) and determine suitability for an on-road test (Kay, Bundy & Clemson, 2008;Unsworth et al, 2005).…”

Section: Occupational Therapy Driving Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The off-road assessment typically involves motor and cognitive testing to identify areas requiring observation on-road (Akinwuntan, Feys, Weerdt, Baten & Kiekens, 2006;Unsworth et al, 2005) and determine suitability for an on-road test (Kay, Bundy & Clemson, 2008;Unsworth et al, 2005).…”

Section: Occupational Therapy Driving Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the VRST-Usyd is used widely across Australia and has sound psychometric properties, more research is needed into its predictive capacity with the stroke population (Kay et al, 2008;Unsworth et al, 2005). Psychometric testing has been completed with people who have orthopaedic or spinal injuries, cognitive impairment, traumatic brain injury and neurological conditions.…”

Section: Rlt and Vrst-usyd Off-road Assessments Contributed To Predicmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retrospective analysis of factors that affect driving assessment outcomes after stroke

Chua

McCluskey

Smead

2012

Aus Occup Therapy J

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Introduction More than 50% of people do not resume driving post‐stroke. Potential disincentives include limited knowledge about assessment, access to services, cost and fear of failure. Factors contributing to a successful return to driving have been the focus of limited research. Aim To determine the proportion of people with stroke who successfully pass their first on‐road occupational therapy driving assessment, and factors associated with a successful assessment outcome. Methods A retrospective cohort study design was used. The primary data collection method was a review of 441 consecutive occupational therapy driving assessment reports from one Australian metropolitan centre. Participants had a diagnosis of stroke, a driving licence pre‐stroke and completed a driving assessment between 1999 and 2010. Results Of the 441 records analysed, the mean age of drivers was 65.4 years (SD: 15.4). The majority (53.7%) passed their first assessment (pass/conditional pass); only 8.8% failed. A weak relationship was found between initial driving assessment outcome and time post‐stroke (rs = 0.19), but a fair relationship with younger age (rs = 0.31) and higher scores on three off‐road assessments (rs = −0.26 to −0.28). The strongest predictors of initial driving assessment outcome were off‐road assessment scores, age, gender and time post‐stroke (R2 = 19.7%, P < 0.01). Conclusions Data on stroke severity are required to confirm these preliminary predictors of driving assessment outcome. Stroke severity should be routinely documented by driving assessment services for use in future research.

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Review of tests contributing to the occupational therapy off‐road driver assessment

Cited by 53 publications

References 47 publications

Older drivers: On-road and off-road test results

Older drivers: On-road and off-road test results

Retrospective cohort study of accident outcomes for individuals who have successfully undergone driver assessment following stroke

Retrospective analysis of factors that affect driving assessment outcomes after stroke

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