Review of the Botanical Characteristics, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology of <scp><i>Astragalus membranaceus</i></scp> (Huangqi)

Fu, Jing; Wang, Zenghui; Huang, Linfang; Zheng, Shu-Jian; Wang, Dongmei; Chen, Shilin; Zhang, Haitao; Yang, Shihai

doi:10.1002/ptr.5188

Cited by 562 publications

(381 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Flavonoids are also important constituents of Astragali radix, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine used to treat a wide variety of disease states for its anti-inflammatory and other properties (Fu et al, 2014). Ruan et al (2015) in this issue examine the extent to which the rat gut microbiota alter glucuronidation and some pharmacologic properties of the most abundant flavonoid present in Astragali radix, calycosin-7-O-b-D-glucoside.…”

Section: Impact Of the Microbiota On The Metabolism And Bioavailabilimentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Metabolism by the Host and Gut Microbiota: A Partnership or Rivalry?

Swanson

2015

Drug Metab Dispos

141

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The importance of the gut microbiome in determining not only overall health, but also in the metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics, is rapidly emerging. It is becoming increasingly clear that the gut microbiota can act in concert with the host cells to maintain intestinal homeostasis, cometabolize drugs and xenobiotics, and alter the expression levels of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters and the expression and activity levels of nuclear receptors. In this myriad of activities, the impact of the microbiota may be beneficial or detrimental to the host. Given that the interplay between the gut microbiota and host cells is likely subject to high interindividual variability, this work has tremendous implications for our ability to predict accurately a particular drug's pharmacokinetics and a given patient population's response to drugs. In this issue of Drug Metabolism and Disposition, a series of articles is presented that illustrate the progress and challenges that lie ahead as we unravel the intricacies associated with drug and xenobiotic metabolism by the gut microbiota. These articles highlight the underlying mechanisms that are involved and the use of in vivo and in vitro approaches that are currently available for elucidating the role of the gut microbiota in drug and xenobiotic metabolism. These articles also shed light on exciting new avenues of research that may be pursued as we consider the role of the gut microbiota as an endocrine organ, a component of the brain-gut axis, and whether the gut microbiota is an appropriate and amenable target for new drugs.

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Section: Impact Of the Microbiota On The Metabolism And Bioavailabilimentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Metabolism by the Host and Gut Microbiota: A Partnership or Rivalry?

Swanson

2015

Drug Metab Dispos

141

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“…Studies have shown that astragaloside IV and campanulin are active compounds with good pharmacological effects and they are indicators in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (Zhang et al 2011). Therefore, the contents of astragaloside IV, campanulin, calycosin, kaempferol, formononetin, ononin, quercetin, and APS were determined for the quality evaluation of a. mongholicus, and the methodology has been established by our team in a previous study (Fu et al 2014). The contents of chemical constituents in a. mongholicus are listed in Table 3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…a. mongholicus is a herb with multiple geographic origins. The provinces of Gansu, Shanxi, and Inner Mongolia are the major producing areas in China, of which Inner Mongolia and Shanxi are traditionally regarded as top-geoherb regions (Fu et al 2014). However, quality variations have existed in different herb-producing areas (Yao et al 2012), and the rapid, effective, and non-destructive In general, the aroma of a. mongholicus is an important index to evaluate its quality (Qi et al 2006;Zheng et al 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

Discrimination of producing areas of Astragalus membranaceus using electronic nose and UHPLC-PDA combined with chemometrics

Wen-Long¹,

Li²,

Huang³

2017

Czech J. Food Sci.

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Wei W., Li J., Huang L. (2017): Discrimination of producing areas of astragalus membranaceus using electronic nose and UHPLC-PDA combined with chemometrics. Czech J. Food Sci., 35: 40-47.Electronic nose (E-nose) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) were simultaneously developed for quality evaluation and diversity research of a. mongholicus. Instrumental data were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant factor analysis (DFA) to rapidly distinguish a. mongholicus derived from different main producing regions in China. E-nose results showed that a. mongholicus that originated from main producing areas (Gansu, Shanxi, and Inner Mongolia in China) could be accurately classified into three groups through PCA and DFA. The response values of samples from Inner Mongolia and Shanxi were similar, and better than those of the samples from Gansu. Identification by the E-nose was verified through UHPLC analysis, and the content of the main ingredient was consistent with the response value of a. mongholicus. In conclusion, E-nose and UHPLC combined with chemometrics can be used as reliable techniques to distinguish the geographic origins of a. mongholicus effectively, and evaluate the quality of traditional Chinese herbs.

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“…mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao [1], is popular in clinical practice for treating hypertension, heart disease, diabetic nephropathy, viral hepatitis, and other diseases [2]. Conventionally, RA is regarded as a sweet, warm-natured drug, without any distinct toxicity and side effects in regular dosages [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and Comparison of the Inhibition Effect of Astragaloside IV and Aglycone Cycloastragenol on Various UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) Isoforms

Ran

Zhang

et al. 2016

Molecules

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As one of the main active ingredients from Radix Astragali (RA), orally dosed astragaloside IV (AST) is easily transformed to sapogenin-cycloastragenol (CAG) by deglycosylation in the gastrointestinal tract. Because the potential adverse effects of AST and CAG remain unclear, the present study in this article was carried out to investigate the inhibition effects of AST and CAG on UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) to explore potential clinical toxicity. An in vitro UGTs incubation mixture was employed to study the inhibition of AST and CAG towards UGT isoforms. Concentrations of 100 µM for each compound were used to initially screen the inhibitory efficiency. Deglycosylation of AST to CAG could strongly increase the inhibitory effects towards almost all of the tested UGT isoforms, with an IC 50 of 0.84 µM and 11.28 µM for UGT1A8 and UGT2B7, respectively. Ulteriorly, the inhibition type and kinetics of CAG towards UGT1A8 and UGT2B7 were evaluated depending on the initial screening results. Data fitting using Dixon and Lineweaver-Burk plots demonstrated that CAG competitively inhibited UGT1A8 and noncompetitively inhibited UGT2B7. From the second plot drawn with the slopes from the Lineweaver-Burk plot versus the concentrations of CAG, the inhibition constant (Ki) was calculated to be 0.034 µM and 20.98 µM for the inhibition of UGT1A8 and UGT2B7, respectively. Based on the [I]/Ki standard ([I]/Ki < 0.1, low possibility; 1 > [I]/Ki > 0.1, medium possibility; [I]/Ki > 1, high possibility), it was successfully predicted here that an in vivo herb-drug interaction between AST/CAG and drugs mainly undergoing UGT1A8-or UGT2B7-catalyzed metabolism might occur when the plasma concentration of CAG is above 0.034 µM and 20.98 µM, respectively.

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Review of the Botanical Characteristics, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology of Astragalus membranaceus (Huangqi)

Cited by 562 publications

References 43 publications

Drug Metabolism by the Host and Gut Microbiota: A Partnership or Rivalry?

Drug Metabolism by the Host and Gut Microbiota: A Partnership or Rivalry?

Discrimination of producing areas of Astragalus membranaceus using electronic nose and UHPLC-PDA combined with chemometrics

Evaluation and Comparison of the Inhibition Effect of Astragaloside IV and Aglycone Cycloastragenol on Various UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) Isoforms

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