“…These are applied for a range of unit operation applications, including heat exchangers, distillation columns, reactors, fermentors, furnaces, etc. A number of additional reviews with a similar scope have been published in recent years, of which the summary becomes redundant, because the authors cover a number of overlapping areas of research, with major contributions from Bridgewater et al, 51−54 Di Blasi, 55 Butler et al, 56 Carpenter et al, 57 Dickerson et al, 58 Jiang et al, 59 Sharma et al, 60 Anca-Couce, 43 Mostafazadeh et al, 61 and Hameed et al 62 The ability to separate the carbohydrate fractions from the solid biomass and the relatively simple and uniform structure of these polymers have attracted the most research attention over the years for pyrolysis of cellulose and its sugar constituents. 46,51,52 Although this field has been studied for decades, a number of unanswered questions remain regarding the fundamental elementary mechanisms of product formation in the condensed and gas phase reactions.…”